etiology/risk of Alzheimer's disease

From Aaushi
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Etiology

risk factors

modifiable risk factors

protective factors

risk factors for amyloid & tau deposition

plasma proteins linked to increased risk of cognitive impairment

not risk factors

Radiology

Comparative biology

Notes

Also see:

* risk factors for Alzheimer's disease vs dementia in general are not well differentiated, largely because the literature does not always distinguish the two

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Greenfield's Neuropathology, 5th ed., 1992 p.1327
  2. Selkoe D. Biochemistry of Alzheimer's Disease, In: Basic Neurochemistry, 5th ed, Siegel et al (eds), Raven Press, New York, 1994
  3. 3.0 3.1 Fishel MA, Watson GS, Montine TJ, Wang Q, Green PS, Kulstad JJ, Cook DG, Peskind ER, Baker LD, Goldgaber D, Nie W, Asthana S, Plymate SR, Schwartz MW, Craft S. Hyperinsulinemia provokes synchronous increases in central inflammation and beta-amyloid in normal adults. Arch Neurol. 2005 Oct;62(10):1539-44. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16216936 <Internet> http://archneur.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/62/10/1539
  4. 4.0 4.1 Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Evans DA, Bennett DA. Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function. Arch Neurol. 2004 May;61(5):661-6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15148141
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Journal Watch 23(12):93, 2003 Tan ZS, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Wilson PW, Kiel DP, Tocco M, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA. Plasma total cholesterol level as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med. 2003 May 12;163(9):1053-7. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12742802
    George J Elevated Blood Pressure at Age 50 Tied to Dementia Later. Mild hypertension may increase risk, even without cardiovascular disease. MedPage Today. June 13, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/73469
    Abell J, Kivimaki M, Dugravot A et al Association between systolic blood pressure and dementia in the Whitehall II cohort study: role of age, duration and threshold used to define hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018. June 12. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29901708 https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy288/5032485
  6. 6.0 6.1 Journal Watch 21(15):125, 2001 Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ. 2001 Jun 16;322(7300):1447-51. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408299
  7. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2018.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Journal Watch 22(7):56-57, 2002 Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PW, Wolf PA. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 14;346(7):476-83. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11844848
  9. 9.0 9.1 Prescriber's Letter 9(4):22 2002
  10. 10.0 10.1 Journal Watch 24(3):23, 2004 Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB, Kuslansky G, Katz MJ. Low blood pressure and the risk of dementia in very old individuals. Neurology. 2003 Dec 23;61(12):1667-72. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14694027
  11. 11.0 11.1 United Press International http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_18334.html
  12. 12.0 12.1 Cole GM Mechanisms of prevention of Alzheimer's pathogenesis with the turmeric extract, cucurmin, and the omega-3 fatty acid, DHA Aging: Mechanisms and Prevention 34th Annual Meeting of the American Aging Association June 3-6, 2005, Oakland CA
    Zhou X, Kumar P, Bhuyab DJ et al Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Role of Nose-Picking in Pathogen Entry via the Olfactory System? Biomolecules. 2023 Oct 24;13(11):1568. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38002250 PMCID: PMC10669446 Free PMC article
  13. 13.0 13.1 Journal Watch 25(15):119, 2005 Whitmer RA, Gunderson EP, Barrett-Connor E, Quesenberry CP Jr, Yaffe K. Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study. BMJ. 2005 Jun 11;330(7504):1360. Epub 2005 Apr 29. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863436 <Internet> http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/330/7504/1360
  14. 14.0 14.1 Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketsos CG, Hayden KM, Skoog I, Norton MC, Tschanz JT, Mayer LS, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Breitner JC. Antihypertensive Medication Use and Incident Alzheimer Disease: The Cache County Study. Arch Neurol. 2006 Mar 13; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16533956
  15. 15.0 15.1 McGuinness B, Todd S, Passmore P, Bullock R. The effects of blood pressure lowering on development of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients without apparent prior cerebrovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD004034. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16625595
  16. Drachman DA Aging of the brain, entropy, and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2006, 67:1340 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17060558
  17. 17.0 17.1 Rocca WA et al, Increased risk of cognitive impairment of dementia in women who underwent oophorectomy before menopause. Neurology 2007, 69:1074 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761551
  18. 18.0 18.1 Hall CB et al, Education delays accelerated decline on memory test in persons who develop dementia. Neurology 2007, 69:1657 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17954781
  19. 19.0 19.1 Srivareerat M et al. Chronic psychosocial stress exacerbates impairment of cognition and long-term potentiation in beta-amyloid rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2009 Jun 1; 65:918. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849021
    Alberini CM. Unwind: Chronic stress exacerbates the deficits of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2009 Jun 1; 65:916. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433151
  20. Hakansson K et al Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study BMJ 2009;339:b2462 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574312
    Helmer C Dementia and marital status at midlife and late life. BMJ 2009;339:b1690 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574311
  21. 21.0 21.1 Gallacher J et al Does anxiety affect risk of dementia? Findings from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Psychosom Med 2009 Jul; 71:659 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553290
  22. 22.0 22.1 Hakansson K et al Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: Population based cohort study. BMJ 2009 Jul 2; 339:b2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2462 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574312
  23. 23.0 23.1 Hoffman LB et al. Less Alzheimer disease neuropathology in medicated hypertensive than nonhypertensive persons. Neurology 2009 May 19; 72:1720. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228583
    Haag MDM et al Duration of antihypertensive drug use and risk of dementia: A prospective cohort study. Neurology 2009 May 19; 72:1727. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228584
  24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 Carriere I et al Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: The 3-city study. Arch Intern Med 2009 Jul 27; 169:1317. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19636034
  25. 25.0 25.1 Rusanen M et al Heavy Smoking in Midlife and Long-term Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia Arch Intern Med. Published online October 25, 2010. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20975015 doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.393 http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/archinternmed.2010.393
  26. 26.0 26.1 Daviglus ML, Bell CC, Berretini W, et al. National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference statement: Preventing Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153:176-181. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20547888
  27. 27.0 27.1 Bai F et al. Topologically convergent and divergent structural connectivity patterns between patients with remitted geriatric depression and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosci 2012 Mar 21; 32:4307 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442092
    Xu W et al. Amyloid pathologies modulate the associations of minimal depressive symptoms with cognitive impairments in older adults without dementia. Biol Psychiatry 2020 Jul 14; [e-pub] Not indexed in PubMed https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(20)31742-X/fulltext
  28. 28.0 28.1 Fong TG et al Adverse Outcomes After Hospitalization and Delirium in Persons With Alzheimer Disease Ann Intern Med. 19 June 2012;156(12):848-856 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711077 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1183010
  29. 29.0 29.1 29.2 Billioti de Gage S et al Benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia: prospective population based study BMJ 2012;345:e6231 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23045258 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6231
    Gallacher J et al Benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia: evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012 Oct;66(10):869-73 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034632
    Billioti de Gage S et al. Benzodiazepine use and risk of Alzheimer's disease: Case- control study. BMJ 2014 Sep 9; 349:g5205 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208536
  30. 30.0 30.1 30.2 Russ TC, Hamer M, Stamatakis E, et al. Psychological distress as a risk factor for dementia death. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171(20):1858-1859 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22083575
  31. 31.0 31.1 Hong CH, Falvey C, Harris TB et al Anemia and risk of dementia in older adults Neurology. July 31, 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23902706 <Internet> http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2013/07/31/WNL.0b013e31829e701d.short
  32. 32.0 32.1 Crane PK et al Glucose Levels and Risk of Dementia. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:540-548August 8, 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23924004 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1215740
  33. Richardson JR et al Elevated Serum Pesticide Levels and Risk for Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol. Published online January 27, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24473795 <Internet> http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1816015
    DeKosky ST and Gandy S Environmental Exposures and the Risk for Alzheimer Disease. Can We Identify the Smoking Guns? JAMA Neurol. Published online January 27, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24473699 <Internet> http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1816013
  34. 34.0 34.1 Carcaillon L et al High plasma estradiol interacts with diabetes on risk of dementia in older postmenopausal women. Neurology. January 29, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477111 <Internet> http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2014/01/29/WNL.0000000000000107.abstract
  35. 35.0 35.1 Lu N et al. Gout and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A population-based, BMI-matched cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015 Mar 4 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739830 <Internet> http://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2015/02/11/annrheumdis-2014-206917
    Gever J Is Gout Protective Against Dementia? Provocative results from Korean study. MedPage Today May 25, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/rheumatology/generalrheumatology/98910
    Kim JH, Yim DK, Choi IA et al The impact of clinical association between gout and dementia: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea. Arthritis Car & Research 2022. May 23 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acr.24959
  36. 36.0 36.1 Sprecher KE, Bendlin BB, Racine AM et al Amyloid burden is associated with self-reported sleep in nondemented late middle-aged adults. Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Sep;36(9):2568-76. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059712
  37. 37.0 37.1 Tarumi T et al. Amyloid burden and sleep blood pressure in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2015 Dec 1; 85:1922 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26537049
  38. 38.0 38.1 Nead KT et al. Androgen deprivation therapy and future Alzheimer's disease risk. J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 20; 34:566. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26644522 Free Article <Internet> http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/34/6/566
    McGinty HL. Unlocking electronic medical record data to identify possible connections between cancer and cognitive declines. J Clin Oncol 2016 Feb 20; 34:530. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26712232 Free Article <Internet> http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/34/6/530
  39. 39.0 39.1 Gottesman RF, Schneider AL, Zhou Y et al Association Between Midlife Vascular Risk Factors and Estimated Brain Amyloid Deposition. JAMA. 2017;317(14):1443-1450 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28399252 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2616396
  40. 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Jenkins K Different Risks for Amyloid, Neurodegeneration - In Alzheimer's, risk factors for two disease hallmarks are distinct. MedPage Today. April 17, 2017 https://www.medpagetoday.com/Neurology/AlzheimersDisease/64601
    Vemuri P et al Evaluation of amyloid protective factors and Alzheimer disease neurodegeneration protective factors in elderly individuals JAMA Neurol. 2017 Apr 17 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28418521
  41. 41.0 41.1 Then CK et al. Risk analysis of use of different classes of antidepressants on subsequent dementia: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2017 Apr 6; 12:e0175187 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384235 Free Article
  42. 42.0 42.1 Nordestgaard LT, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG et al Body Mass Index and Risk of Alzheimer Disease: a Mendelian Randomization Study of 399,536 Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab jc.2017-00195. May 9, 2017 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28609829 https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/doi/10.1210/jc.2017-00195/3805501/Body-Mass-Index-and-Risk-of-Alzheimer-Disease-a?redirectedFrom=fulltext
  43. 43.0 43.1 Benn M et al. Low LDL cholesterol, PCSK9 and HMGCR genetic variation, and risk of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Mendelian randomisation study. BMJ 2017 Apr 24; 357:j1648 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28438747 Free PMC Article
  44. 44.0 44.1 Whitlock EL, Diaz-Ramirez LG, Glymour MM et al Association Between Persistent Pain and Memory Decline and Dementia in a Longitudinal Cohort of Elders. JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 5, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28586818 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2629448
  45. 45.0 45.1 Donohue MC, Sperling RA, Petersen R et al Association Between Elevated Brain Amyloid and Subsequent Cognitive Decline Among Cognitively Normal Persons. JAMA. 2017;317(22):2305-2316 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28609533 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2631529
    Visser PJ, Tijms B. Brain Amyloid Pathology and Cognitive Function. Alzheimer Disease Without Dementia. JAMA. 2017;317(22):2285-2287 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28609518 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2631513
  46. 46.0 46.1 Taipale H, Tolppanen AM, Tiihonen M et al. No association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2017 Jul 11 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28695906
  47. 47.0 47.1 Pase MP, Himali JJ, Grima NA et al Sleep architecture and the risk of incident dementia in the community Neurology 2017; 89:1-7 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835407
  48. 48.0 48.1 Gorelick PB, Furie KL, Iadecola C et al Defining Optimal Brain Health in Adults: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. Sept 7, 2017 http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2017/09/07/STR.0000000000000148
  49. 49.0 49.1 Kieboom BCT, Licher S, Wolters FJ et al Serum magnesium is associated with the risk of dementia. Neurol 2017; 89(1-7). PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28931641
  50. 50.0 50.1 Ju YS, Ooms SJ, Sutphen C, et al. Slow wave sleep disruption increases cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta levels. Brain 2017 Aug; 140:2104 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28899014
  51. 51.0 51.1 Gilsanz P, Mayeda ER, Glymour M et al Female sex, early-onset hypertension, and risk of dementia. Neurology. October 4, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28978656 <Internet> http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2017/10/04/WNL.0000000000004602
  52. 52.0 52.1 Goldstein FC, Steenland K, Zhao L et al Proton pump inhibitors and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017 Sep; 65:1969-1974 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28590010
  53. 53.0 53.1 53.2 Kneisel K. Married Folks Seem to Have Lower Dementia Risk. Widowed, lifelong singles tend to be underdiagnosed in routine clinical practice. MedPage Today Nov 28, 2017 https://www.medpagetoday.com/geriatrics/dementia/69529
    Sommerlad A, Ruegger J, Singh-Manoux A, Lewis G, Livingston G. Marriage and risk of dementia: systematic review and meta- analysis of observational studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183958
    Chen CPLH, Mok VCT. Marriage and risk of dementia: systematic review and meta- analysis of observational studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183957 Free Article
  54. 54.0 54.1 Lauretti E, Pratico D Effect of canola oil consumption on memory, synapse and neuropathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 17134 (Dec 7, 2017) PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29215028 Free PMC Article https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-17373-3
  55. 55.0 55.1 55.2 Emery DC, Shoemark DK, Batstone TE et al 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing Analysis Shows Bacteria in Alzheimer's Post-Mortem Brain. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 Jun 20;9:195. eCollection 2017. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28676754 Free PMC Article
  56. 56.0 56.1 George J, Circadian Dysfunction May ID Preclinical Alzheimer's. Fragmented rhythms associated with plaque pathology. MedPage Today. January 29, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/70815
    Musiek E et al Circadian rest-activity pattern changes in aging and preclinical Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurology 2018;
    Musiek ES. Circadian Rhythms in AD pathogenesis: A Critical Appraisal. Curr Sleep Med Rep. 2017 Jun;3(2):85-92. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29308355
    Musiek ES, Holtzman DM. Mechanisms linking circadian clocks, sleep, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2016 Nov 25;354(6315):1004-1008. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27885006 Free PMC Article
  57. 57.0 57.1 Montagne A, Nikolakopoulou AM, Zhao Z et al Pericyte degeneration causes white matter dysfunction in the mouse central nervous system. Nature Medicine Feb 5, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29400711 https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4482
  58. 58.0 58.1 University of Eastern Finland Antiepileptic drugs increase risk of Alzheimer's and dementia. Science News. April 9, 2018 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180409103901.htm
  59. 59.0 59.1 59.2 Ohara T, Honda T Hata J et al. Association Between Daily Sleep Duration and Risk of Dementia and Mortality in a Japanese Community. J Am Geriatr Soc. June 6, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29873398
  60. 60.0 60.1 60.2 Readhead B, Haure-Mirande JV, Funk CC et al Multiscale Analysis of Independent Alzheimer's Cohorts Finds Disruption of Molecular, Genetic, and Clinical Networks by Human Herpesvirus. Neuron. June 2018. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29937276 https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(18)30421-5
    Eimer WA, Vijaya Kumar DK et al. Alzheimer's disease-associated beta-amyloid is rapidly seeded by Herpesviridae to protect against brain infection. Neuron 2018 Jul 11; 99:56. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30001512 https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(18)30526-9
    Itzhaki RF, Lathe R. Herpes viruses and senile dementia: First population evidence for a causal link. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:363. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29889070 https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad180266
  61. 61.0 61.1 Monaco K Apathy Tied to Higher Dementia Risk in Memory Clinic Patients. Findings suggest early marker for clinically significant cognitive decline. MedPage Today. July 18, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/geriatrics/dementia/74088
    Willem van Dalen J, van Wanrooij LL, Moll van Charante EP et al Association of apathy with risk of incident dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, July 18, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30027214
  62. 62.0 62.1 Sabia S, Fayosse A, Dumurgier J et al Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: 23 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study. BMJ 2018;362:k2927 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30068508 Free full text https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k2927
    Yasar S Relation between alcohol consumption in midlife and dementia in late life. BMJ 2018;362:k3164 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30068510 https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3164https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3164
  63. 63.0 63.1 Carey IM, Anderson HR, Atkinson RW et al Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, England BMJ Open. 2018. 8(9) https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/9/e022404
  64. 64.0 64.1 Mutlu U, Colijn JM, Ikram MA et al. Association of retinal neurodegeneration on optical coherence tomography with dementia: A population-based study. JAMA Neurol 2018 Oct 1; 75:1256. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29946702 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2685868
    Ko F, Muthy ZA, Gallacher J et al. Association of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning with current and future cognitive decline: A study using optical coherence tomography. JAMA Neurol 2018 Oct 1; 75:1198 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29946685 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2685869
  65. 65.0 65.1 Dominy SS, Lynch C, Ermini F et al Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Science Advances 23 Jan 2019: Vol. 5, no. 1, eaau3333 http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/1/eaau3333.full
  66. 66.0 66.1 West NA, Windham G, Knopman DS et al. Neuroimaging findings in midlife and risk of late-life dementia over 20 years of follow-up. Neurology 2019 Jan 18 https://n.neurology.org/content/92/9/e917
  67. 67.0 67.1 Akbaraly TN, Singh-Manoux A, Dugravot A et al Association of Midlife Diet With Subsequent Risk for Dementia. JAMA. 2019;321(10):957-968. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30860560 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2727449
  68. 68.0 68.1 Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A, Pentti J et al Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia: an individual-participant meta-analysis. BMJ 2019;365:l1495 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30995986 Free Article https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l1495
  69. 69.0 69.1 69.2 Coupland CAC, Hill T, Dening T et al Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia. A Nested Case-Control Study. JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 24, 2019. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233095 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2736353
    Campbell NL, Holden R, Boustani MA et al. Preventing Alzheimer disease by deprescribing anticholinergic medications. JAMA Intern Med 2019 Jun 24 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31233087 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2736349
  70. 70.0 70.1 70.2 George J Does Alzheimer's Disease Stem From Infection? Scientists debate, and one company targets gingivitis bacterium to slow Alzheimer's progression. MedPage Today. July 17, 2019 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aaic/81065
    Weninger S, et al Emerging Concepts in Basic Science Series: Is There a Causative Role for Infectious Organisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) 2019.
    Detke M, et al Initiation of the Phase 2/3 GAIN trial of COR388, a novel bacterial virulence factor inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) based on Phase I a/b safety, PK, biomarker and efficacy data. Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) 2019 abstract P4-663.
  71. Brower V Anti-TNF Drugs May Reduce Risk of Alzheimer's - Large analysis indicates elevated risk with inflammatory diseases, reduced risk with TNF blockers MedPage Today October 9, 2019 (reference deprecated)
    Zhou M et al Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agents reduce risk for Alzheimer's disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. medRxiv 2019; (not indexed in PubMed)
  72. George J Dementia Tied to Trans Fats - Study links all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's to higher blood levels of elaidic acid MedPage Today. October 24, 2019 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/82917
    Honda T, Ohara T, Shinohara M et al Serum elaidic acid concentration and risk of dementia. The Hisayama study. Neurology 2019. Oct 23 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31645469
  73. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 10th edition (GRS10) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2019
  74. 74.0 74.1 George J Illiteracy Tied to Dementia Risk - But literacy status did not affect the rate of cognitive decline. MedPage Today. November 13, 2019 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/83321
    Arce Renteria M, Vonk JMJ et al Illiteracy, dementia risk, and cognitive trajectories among older adults with low education. Neurology. Nov 13, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31722961 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2019/11/12/WNL.0000000000008587
  75. 75.0 75.1 Younan D, Petkus AJ, Widaman KF et al Particulate matter and episodic memory decline mediated by early neuroanatomic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Brain. Nov 20, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31746986 https://academic.oup.com/brain/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/brain/awz348/5628036?redirectedFrom=fulltext
  76. 76.0 76.1 76.2 Grande G, Ljungman PLS, Eneroth k et al Association Between Cardiovascular Disease and Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With the Risk of Dementia. JAMA Neurol. Published online March 30, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32227140 Free PMC Article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2763459
  77. 77.0 77.1 77.2 de Wolf F, Ghanbari M, Licher S et al. Plasma tau, neurofilament light chain and amyloid-beta levels and risk of dementia; a population-based cohort study. Brain 2020 Apr 1; 143:1220 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32206776 Free PMC Article https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/143/4/1220/5811096
  78. 78.0 78.1 Cairns DM, Rouleau N, Parker RN et al. A 3D human brain-like tissue model of herpes-induced Alzheimer's disease. Sci Adv 2020 May 6; 6:eaay8828. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32494701 Free PMC article. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/19/eaay8828
  79. Komaroff AL Can Infections Cause Alzheimer Disease? JAMA. Published online June 8, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511670 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2767210
  80. 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 George J Repetitive Negative Thinking Linked With Alzheimer's - Rumination, worry tied to amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline. MedPage Today June 8, 2020 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/86953
    Marchant NL, Lovland LR, Jones R et al Repetitive negative thinking is associated with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline. Alzheimer's & DEmentia, June 7, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32508019 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alz.12116
  81. 81.0 81.1 Zhang B, Wang HF, Bai YM et al Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with higher dementia risk: a nationwide longitudinal study , Gut (BMJ Journal) ePub June 24, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32576641 https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2020/04/28/gutjnl-2020-320789
  82. 82.0 82.1 82.2 George J HDL Protein Linked to Lower Dementia Risk - Findings extend associations from cardiovascular disease to dementia. MedPage Today July 14, 2020 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/87564
    Koch M, DeKosky ST, Goodman M et al Association of Apolipoprotein E in Lipoprotein Subspecies With Risk of Dementia. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209250. July 10. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32648923 Free PMC article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2768103
    Thambisetty,M Plasma Apolipoprotein E Levels and Risk of Dementia - You Are the Company You Keep JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e209501 July 10 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32648920 Free article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2768100
  83. 83.0 83.1 George J Ten Targets for Reducing Alzheimer's Risk - Meta-analysis offers evidence-based guidance for Alzheimer's prevention. MedPage Today July 21, 2020 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/87674
    Yu JT, Xu W, Tan CC et al vidence-based prevention of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 (online July) PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690803 https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/2020/06/01/jnnp-2019-321913
  84. 84.0 84.1 Demmer RT, Norby FL, Lakshminarayan K Periodontal Disease and Incident Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC). Neurology. July 29 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727837 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2020/07/29/WNL.0000000000010312
  85. 85.0 85.1 Chang TH, Tai TH, Dai YX et al Association between vitiligo and subsequent risk of dementia: A population-based cohort study. J Dermatol. 2020. Nov 12 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33180352 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1346-8138.15582
  86. 86.0 86.1 Meglio M Health-Deficit Accumulation Affects Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dementia. NeurologyLive. 2020. Nov 17. https://www.neurologylive.com/view/health-deficit-accumulation-affects-chance-of-mild-cognitive-impairment-dementia
  87. 87.0 87.1 George J Alzheimer's May Start Sooner for People With Anxiety, Depression History - Psychiatric disorders could have additive effects on AD pathophysiology, study suggests. MedPage Today February 24, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aan/91346
  88. 88.0 88.1 Zhang H, Greenwood DC, Risch HA et al Meat consumption and risk of incident dementia: cohort study of 493,888 UK Biobank participants. Am J Clin Nutr 2021. March 22 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33748832 https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ajcn/nqab028/6178922
  89. 89.0 89.1 George J Middle-Age Loneliness Linked to Alzheimer's Disease. Relationship varied, depending on whether loneliness persisted. MedPage Today March 25, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/91811
    Akhter-Khan SC, et al Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study. Alzheimer's Dement 2021. March 24 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33760348 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/alz.12327
  90. 90.0 90.1 Barbiellini Amidei C et al. Association between age at diabetes onset and subsequent risk of dementia. JAMA 2021 Apr 27; 325:1640. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33904867 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2779197
  91. 91.0 91.1 Sabia S et al. Association of sleep duration in middle and old age with incidence of dementia. Nat Commun 2021 Apr 20; 12:2289. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33879784 PMCID: PMC8058039 Free PMC article https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22354-2
  92. 92.0 92.1 Kivimaki M et al. Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: Three analyses of population cohort studies. BMJ 2021 Aug 18; 374:n1804 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34407988 PMCID: PMC8372196 Free PMC article https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1804
  93. 93.0 93.1 Brooks M ADHD a New Risk Factor for Alzheimer's? Medscape. September 15, 2021 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/958784
  94. 94.0 94.1 George J Dementia Tied to Resting Heart Rate. Findings persist even after accounting for cardiovascular disease. MedPage Today December 3, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/95999
    Imahori Y, Vetrano DL, Xia X et al Association of resting heart rate with cognitive decline and dementia in older adults: A population-based cohort study. Alzheimer's & Dementia. Dec 3, 2021 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34859936 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.12495
  95. Swift Yasgur B Alopecia Tied to a Threefold Increased Risk for Dementia. Medscape. November 3, 2021 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/962186
  96. 96.0 96.1 George J Midlife Conditions Linked With Later Dementia Early onset of two or more chronic diseases ups dementia risk. MedPage Today February 2, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/96990
    Ben Hassen C, Fayosse A, Landre B et al Association between age at onset of multimorbidity and incidence of dementia: 30 year follow-up in Whitehall II prospective cohort study. BMJ 2022;376:e068005 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35110302 Free article https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-068005
  97. 97.0 97.1 George J Loneliness May Triple Dementia Risk. Even without dementia, lonely feelings linked with brain changes. MedPage Today February 9, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/97105
    Salinas J, Beiser AS, Samra JK et al Association of Loneliness With 10-Year Dementia Risk and Early Markers of Vulnerability for Neurocognitive Decline. Neurology 2022. February 07 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35131906 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2022/02/07/WNL.0000000000200039
  98. 98.0 98.1 98.2 Ghanjanasak T Causal Evidence for Autoimmunity in Dementia? Medscape. Feb 28, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/969346
    Lindbolm JV, Mars N, Sipila PN et al Immune system and blood-brain barrier-wide biomarker analyses provide causal evidence for autoimmunity in dementia. MedRxiv. 2022. Feb 18. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.22271136v1
  99. 99.0 99.1 George J Peripheral Nerve Problems Tied to Later Dementia. Findings may indicate shared susceptibility to neurodegeneration. MedPage Today March 11, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/97632
    Brenowitz WD, Robbins NM, Strotmeyer ES, Yaffe K Associations of Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Impairment and Risk of Dementia in Black and White Older Adults. Neurology 2022. March 9 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35264428 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2022/03/09/WNL.0000000000200185
  100. 100.0 100.1 Full KM, Pusalavidyasagar S, Palta P et al Associations of late-life sleep medication use with incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2022, April 13 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35421897 https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/gerona/glac088/6568591
  101. 101.0 101.1 101.2 Ehrlich JR, Goldstein J, Swenor BK et al Addition of Vision Impairment to a Life-Course Model of Potentially Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors in the US. JAMA Neurol. Published online April 25, 2022 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35467745 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2791268
    Deal J, Rohas JC Visual Impairment as a Modifiable Risk Factor in Dementia Prevention and Management. JAMA Neurol. Published online April 25, 2022 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35467705 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2791267
  102. 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 George J Large Share of Alzheimer's, Dementia Cases Tied to 8 Modifiable Risk Factors. Midlife, early-life risk factors now more common, differ by sex, race/ethnicity. MedPage Today May 9, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/98615
    Nianogo RA, Rosenwohl-Mack A, Yaffe K et al Risk Factors Associated With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias by Sex and Race and Ethnicity in the US. JAMA Neurol. Published online May 9, 2022. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35532912 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2792227
  103. 103.0 103.1 Hashmi A New PPI Data Again Link Medication Use to Alzheimer's. Medscape. April 01, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971414
    Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH et al Associations between proton pump inhibitors and Alzheimer's disease: A nested case-control study using a Korean nationwide health screening cohort. Research Square. March 11, 2022 https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1435267/v1
  104. 104.0 104.1 Crane PK et al. Association of traumatic brain injury with late-life neurodegenerative conditions and neuropathologic findings. JAMA Neurol 2016 Jul 11 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400367 PMCID: PMC5319642 Free PMC article
    Raj R, Kaprio J, Jousilahti P et al Risk of Dementia After Hospitalization Due to Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study. Neurology. 2022. May 11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35545443 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2022/05/11/WNL.0000000000200290
  105. 105.0 105.1 Wang HX, Karp A, Herlitz A, Personality and lifestyle in relation to dementia incidence. Neurology. 2009 Jan 20;72(3):253-9. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19153372
    George J Social Isolation Tied to Higher Risk of Subsequent Dementia. Isolation linked with lower brain volume in areas related to cognition. MedPage Today June 9, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/99159
    Shen C, Rolls E, Chen W et al Associations of Social Isolation and Loneliness With Later Dementia. Neurology. June 8, 2022 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35676089 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2022/06/08/WNL.0000000000200583
  106. 106.0 106.1 Hamza Z NAFLD Tied to Higher Dementia Risk
    Findings were stronger among patients with comorbid heart disease. MedPage Today July 13, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/99704https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/99704
    Shang Y, Widman L, Hagstrom H Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Neurology. 2022. July 13 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35831178 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2022/07/13/WNL.0000000000200853
  107. 107.0 107.1 Wieland DR, Wieland JR, Wang H et al Thyroid Disorders and Dementia Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study Neurology. 2022 Jul 6:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200740. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794019 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2022/07/06/WNL.0000000000200740
  108. 108.0 108.1 108.2 George J ICU Stay Doubles Dementia Risk. Higher risks of both Alzheimer's and all-type dementia seen. MedPage Today August 2, 2022. https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aaic/100018
  109. Norton MC, Smith KR, Ostbye T et al Greater risk of dementia when spouse has dementia? The Cache County study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 May;58(5):895-900 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20722820 PMCID: PMC2945313 DOI: Free PMC article
  110. 110.0 110.1 Cairns DM, Itzhaki RF, Kaplan DL Potential Involvement of Varicella Zoster Virus in Alzheimer's Disease via Reactivation of Quiescent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;88(3):1189-1200 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35754275 https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad220287
  111. 111.0 111.1 111.2 Calvin CM, Conroy MC, Moore SF et al Association of Multimorbidity, Disease Clusters, and Modification by Genetic Factors With Risk of Dementia. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(9):e2232124 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36125811 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2796543
  112. 112.0 112.1 Li H et al. Association of ultraprocessed food consumption with risk of dementia: A prospective cohort study. Neurology 2022 Jul 27; 99:e1056. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35896436 https://n.neurology.org/content/99/10/e1056
  113. 113.0 113.1 Brooks M Not Just a Bad Dream: Nightmares May Predict Dementia. Medscape. Sept 26, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/981468
  114. 114.0 114.1 Romero JR et al. MRI visible perivascular spaces and risk of incident dementia: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology 2022 Sep 29; [e-pub]. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36175148 https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2022/09/29/WNL.0000000000201293
  115. 115.0 115.1 Li J, Liu C, Ang TFA, Au R BMI decline patterns and relation to dementia risk across four decades of follow-up in the Framingham Study. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2022. Dec 15. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36519667 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.12839
  116. 116.0 116.1 George J Dementia Risk Higher in People With Earlier Signs of Psychological Distress. Stress, exhaustion symptoms linked with increased dementia risk years later. MedPage Today December 16, 2022
  117. 117.0 117.1 George J Earlier Health Conditions Tied to Subsequent Dementia. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia links are time-dependent. MedPage Today January 5, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/102521
    Beason-Held LL, Kerley CI, Chaganti S et al Health Conditions Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Ann Neurol. 2022. Dec 26 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36571386 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.26584
  118. 118.0 118.1 George J Dementia Risk Higher After Hospital Stay With Infection. Is neuroinflammation a factor? MedPage Today January 9, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/102551
    Bohn B, Lutsey PL, Misialek JR et al Incidence of Dementia Following Hospitalization With Infection Among Adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2250126 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36622673 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2800141
  119. 119.0 119.1 119.2 Huang AR, Roth DL, Cidav T et al Social isolation and 9-year dementia risk in community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023. Jan 11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36628523 https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgs.18140
  120. 120.0 120.1 Short E Cutting Back on Smoking No Help for Dementia Risk. But large study of long-time smokers confirms reduced risk with quitting altogether. MedPage Today January 19, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/pulmonology/smoking/102701
    Jeong SM, Park J, Han K et al Association of Changes in Smoking Intensity With Risk of Dementia in Korea. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2251506 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36656579 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2800609
  121. 121.0 121.1 George J Dementia Risk Tied to Blood Pressure Fluctuations. Relationship was stronger in people not taking calcium channel blockers. MedPage Today January 20, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/102733
    Mahinrad S et al Blood pressure variability, dementia, and role of antihypertensive medications in older adults. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023. Jan 19 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36656086 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/alz.12935
  122. 122.0 122.1 George J Viruses Tied to Subsequent Dementia, Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Viral encephalitis and Alzheimer's disease showed strongest links. MedPage Today January 30, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/generalneurology/102872
    Levine KS, Leonard HL, Blauwendraat C et al Virus exposure and neurodegenerative disease risk across national biobanks. Neuron. 2023. Jan 19 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36669485Free article https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(22)01147-3
  123. 123.0 123.1 Douros A et al. Common vaccines and the risk of incident dementia: A population-based cohort study. J Infect Dis 2022 Dec 21; [e-pub]. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36542511 https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiac484/6948438
    Salmon DA et al. Commentary on "Common vaccines and the risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study": Science can be messy but eventually leads to truths. J Infect Dis 2022 Dec 21; [e-pub] PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36542509 https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiac487/6950650
  124. 124.0 124.1 Pourhadi N, Morch LS, Holm EA, Torp-Pedersen C, Meaidi A. Menopausal hormone therapy and dementia: nationwide, nested case-control study. BMJ 2023;381:e072770 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37380194 PMCID: PMC10302215 Free PMC article https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj-2022-072770
  125. 125.0 125.1 Daghlas I, Nassan M, Gill D. Genetically proxied lean mass and risk of Alzheimer's disease: mendelian randomisation study. https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000354
  126. 126.0 126.1 Powell WR, Vilen L, Zuelsdorff M et al Association between military service and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2023. Nov 15 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37965965 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alz.13520
  127. 127.0 127.1 George J Coronary Heart Disease by Age 45 Linked With Subsequent Dementia. All-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia risks elevated. MedPage Today November 29, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/107594
    Lang J, Li C, Gao D et al Association Between Onset Age of Coronary Heart Disease and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;0:e031407 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38018492 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.123.031407
  128. 128.0 128.1 Banerjee G, Farmer SF, Hyare H Iatrogenic Alzheimer's disease in recipients of cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone. Nat Med. 2024 Jan 29. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38287166 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02729-2
  129. 129.0 129.1 Cammann D, Lu Y, Cummings MJ et al Genetic correlations between Alzheimer's disease and gut microbiome genera. Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 31;13(1):5258. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37002253 PMCID: PMC10066300 Free PMC article. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31730-5
  130. 130.0 130.1 George J Alzheimer's Risk Higher If Mom Had Memory Problems. Maternal history of memory impairment tied to higher amyloid burden. MedPage Today June 17, 2024 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/110682
    Seto M, Hohman TJ, Mormino EC et al Parental History of Memory Impairment and beta-Amyloid in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults. JAMA Neurol. Published online June 17, 2024 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38884955 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2820195
  131. 131.0 131.1 Lennon MJ, Lipnicki DM, Lam BCP et al Blood Pressure, Antihypertensive Use, and Late-Life Alzheimer and Non-Alzheimer Dementia Risk: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Neurology. 2024 Sep 10;103(5):e209715. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39141884 https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000209715
  132. 132.0 132.1 George J Emerging Depression Tied to Earliest Alzheimer's Pathology. Symptoms linked with very early amyloid accumulation in emotional control brain regions. MedPage Today August 29, 2024 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/111731
    Munro CE, Farrell M, Hanseeuw B et al Change in Depressive Symptoms and Longitudinal Regional Amyloid Accumulation in Unimpaired Older Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(8):e2427248 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2822957
  133. 133.0 133.1 Wendling P Nighttime Outdoor Light Pollution Linked to Alzheimer's Risk. Medscape. Sept 6, 2024 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/nighttime-outdoor-light-pollution-linked-alzheimers-risk-2024a1000g60 - Voigt RM, Ouyang B, Keshavarzian A et al Outdoor nighttime light exposure (light pollution) is associated with Alzheimer's disease. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Feb 15:2024.02.14.24302831 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38405987 PMCID: PMC10889016 Free PMC article. Front. Neurosci., 05 September 2024 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1378498/full
  134. 134.0 134.1 Brier MR, Schindler SE, Salter A et al Unexpected Low Rate of Amyloid-beta Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Ann Neurol. 2024 Sep;96(3):453-459 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38963256 PMCID: PMC11324391 (available on 2025-09-01)
  135. 135.0 135.1 Park G, Kadyan S, Hochuli N et al An Enteric Bacterial Infection Triggers Neuroinflammation and Neurobehavioral Impairment in 3xTg-AD Transgenic Mice. J Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 10;230(Supplement_2):S95-S108. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39255397