processed food; ultraprocessed food
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Introduction
- highly modified products created through industrial processes for long sheld life
- thet typically contain multiple additives, preservatives, & artificial ingredients
Includes:
- mass-produced desserts including flavored yogurts, packaged bread, processed meats, snack foods & breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat sauces, cheeses, spreads, gravies
- the classification system is sometimes ambiguous & confusing, including otherwise healthy food such as veggi-burgers
Adverse effects
- increased risk of cancer (RR=1.13); RR=1.02[8]; cancer mortality (RR=1.06)[8]
- increased risk of breast cancer (RR=1.13)[1]; mortality (RR=1.16)[8]
- increased risk of ovarian cancer (RR=1.2); mortality (RR=1.3)[8]
- increased risk of colorectal cancer & pancreatic cancer[13]
- increased risk of head & neck cancer & esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with ultra-processed foods[10]
- proportion mediated via adiposity was small
- increased mortality[2]; RR=1.2[7]
- 14% increase in mortality with each 10% increase in processed food
- increased risk of cancer mortality (RR=1.06)[8]
- ultra-processed foods leads to greater calorie consumption, weight gain & obesity[3][13]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increase risk for cardiovascular disease & mortality[4]
- each 10% increase of ultra-processed food consumed is associated with 11%-13% increased risk for cardiovascular disease[4] & death[11] (50%)
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes[5]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment[6]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for anxiety[11] & depression[6] 48-53%[11]
- increased risk of Crohn's disease (RR=1.7)[13]
- ultra-processed foods associated with active psoriasis
- a pro-inflammatory effect of ultra-processed foods separate from high BMI [15]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for all-cause death (21%)[11]
Management
- Mediterranean diet recommended to break addiction to ultraprocessed foods[13]
- also see healthy diet
Notes
- processed foods tend to have more calories, sodium, fat, additives, sugar, & contaminants like acrylamide & bisphenol A, & less fiber & micronutrients
- when foods are processed under high temperatures, potentially carcinogenic contaminants form[2]
More general terms
More specific terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fiolet T, Srour B, Sellem L et al Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: results from NutriNet-Sante prospective cohort. BMJ 2018;360:k322 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29444771 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.k322
Monge A, Lajous M Ultra-processed foods and cancer. BMJ 2018;360:k599 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29444772 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.k599 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schnabel L, Kesse-Guyot E, Alles B et al Association Between Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Mortality Among Middle-aged Adults in France. JAMA Intern Med. Published online February 11, 2019. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30742202 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2723626
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hall KD, Ayuketah S, Brychta R Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. Cell Metabolism. May 16, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31105044 https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30248-7#%20
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Srour B et al Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Sante) BMJ 2019;365:l1451 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142457 https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l1451
Lawrence MA, Baker PI Ultra-processed food and adverse health outcomes. BMJ 2019;365:l2289 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142449 https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l2289 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Srour B et al Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Participants of the NutriNet-Sante Prospective Cohort. JAMA Intern Med. Published online December 16, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31841598 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2757497
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Gomes Goncalves N, Vidal Ferreira N, Khandpur N et al JAMA Neurol. 2022 Dec 5. Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36469335 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799140
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Suksatan W, Moradi S, Naeini F et al Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 30;14(1):174. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011048 Free PMC article. Review.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Worcester S Ultraprocessed Food and Increased Risk of Cancer: UK Study. Medscape. Feb 2, 2023 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/987795
Chang K, Gunter MJ, Rauber F et al Ultra-processed food consumption, cancer risk and cancer mortality: a large-scale prospective analysis within the UK Biobank. eClinicalMedicine. 2023. Jan 31. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(23)00017-2/fulltext - ↑ Samuthpongtorn C, Nguyen LH, Okereke OI et al Consumption of Ultraprocessed Food and Risk of Depression. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(9):e2334770 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37728928 ttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2809727
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Morales-Bernstein F, Biessy C, Viallon V et al Ultra-processed foods, adiposity and risk of head and neck cancer and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study: a mediation analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2023. Nov 22 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37989797 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-023-03270-1
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Lane MM, Gamage E, Du S et al Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ 2024;384:e077310 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38418082 PMCID: PMC10899807 Free PMC article https://www.bmj.com/content/384/bmj-2023-077310
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Fang Z et al. Association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause and cause specific mortality: Population based cohort study. BMJ 2024 May 8; 385:e078476 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38719536 PMCID: PMC11077436 Free PMC article. https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj-2023-078476
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Watson J Ultraprocessed Food and GI Health: Have We Bitten Off More Than We Can Chew? Medscape. May 10, 2024' https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/ultraprocessed-food-and-gi-health-have-we-bitten-more-than-2024a10008z1
- ↑ Mendoza K, Smith-Warner SA, Rossato SL et al Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular disease: analysis of three large US prospective cohorts and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2024 Sep 2;37:100859. . PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39286398 PMCID: PMC11403639 Free PMC article. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-193X(24)00186-8/fulltext
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Kneisel K Ultraprocessed Foods Implicated in Psoriasis Activity. Association believed to be related to inflammation. MedPage Today November 27, 2024 https://www.medpagetoday.com/dermatology/psoriasis/113163
Penso L, Touvier M, Srour B, Ezzedine K, Sbidian E. Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Psoriasis. JAMA Dermatol. 2024 Nov 27. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39602129 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2827133