processed food; ultraprocessed food
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Introduction
- highly modified products created through industrial processes for long sheld life
- thet typically contain multiple additives, preservatives, & artificial ingredients
Includes:
- mass-produced desserts including flavored yogurts, packaged bread, processed meats, snack foods & breakfast cereals, ready-to-eat sauces, cheeses, spreads, gravies, carbonated drinks
- the classification system is sometimes ambiguous & confusing, including otherwise healthy food such as veggi-burgers
Adverse effects
- accelerated biological aging[17]
- increased risk of cancer (RR=1.13); RR=1.02[8]; cancer mortality (RR=1.06)[8]
- increased risk of breast cancer (RR=1.13)[1]; mortality (RR=1.16)[8]
- increased risk of ovarian cancer (RR=1.2); mortality (RR=1.3)[8]
- increased risk of colorectal cancer & pancreatic cancer[13]
- increased risk of head & neck cancer & esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with ultra-processed foods[10]
- proportion mediated via adiposity was small
- increased mortality[2]; RR=1.2[7]
- 14% increase in mortality with each 10% increase in processed food
- increased risk of cancer mortality (RR=1.06)[8]
- ultra-processed foods leads to greater calorie consumption, weight gain & obesity[3][13]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increase risk for cardiovascular disease & mortality[4]
- each 10% increase of ultra-processed food consumed is associated with 11%-13% increased risk for cardiovascular disease[4] & death[11] (50%)
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes[5]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment[6]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for anxiety[11] & depression[6] 48-53%[11]
- increased risk of Crohn's disease (RR=1.7)[13]
- ultra-processed foods associated with active psoriasis
- a pro-inflammatory effect of ultra-processed foods separate from high BMI [15]
- ultra-processed foods associated with increased risk for all-cause death (21%)[11]
Management
- Mediterranean diet recommended to break addiction to ultraprocessed foods[13]
- also see healthy diet
Notes
- processed foods tend to have more calories, sodium, fat, additives, sugar, & contaminants like acrylamide & bisphenol A, & less fiber & micronutrients
- when foods are processed under high temperatures, potentially carcinogenic contaminants form[2]
More general terms
More specific terms
References
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 Fiolet T, Srour B, Sellem L et al Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: results from NutriNet-Sante prospective cohort. BMJ 2018;360:k322 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29444771 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.k322
Monge A, Lajous M Ultra-processed foods and cancer. BMJ 2018;360:k599 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29444772 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.k599 - ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schnabel L, Kesse-Guyot E, Alles B et al Association Between Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Mortality Among Middle-aged Adults in France. JAMA Intern Med. Published online February 11, 2019. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30742202 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2723626
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Hall KD, Ayuketah S, Brychta R Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. Cell Metabolism. May 16, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31105044 https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30248-7#%20
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 Srour B et al Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Sante) BMJ 2019;365:l1451 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142457 https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l1451
Lawrence MA, Baker PI Ultra-processed food and adverse health outcomes. BMJ 2019;365:l2289 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142449 https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l2289 - ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Srour B et al Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Participants of the NutriNet-Sante Prospective Cohort. JAMA Intern Med. Published online December 16, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31841598 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2757497
- ↑ Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 6.2 Gomes Goncalves N, Vidal Ferreira N, Khandpur N et al JAMA Neurol. 2022 Dec 5. Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36469335 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2799140
- ↑ Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 Suksatan W, Moradi S, Naeini F et al Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 30;14(1):174. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35011048 Free PMC article. Review.
- ↑ Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Worcester S Ultraprocessed Food and Increased Risk of Cancer: UK Study. Medscape. Feb 2, 2023 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/987795
Chang K, Gunter MJ, Rauber F et al Ultra-processed food consumption, cancer risk and cancer mortality: a large-scale prospective analysis within the UK Biobank. eClinicalMedicine. 2023. Jan 31. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(23)00017-2/fulltext - ↑ Samuthpongtorn C, Nguyen LH, Okereke OI et al Consumption of Ultraprocessed Food and Risk of Depression. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(9):e2334770 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37728928 ttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2809727
- ↑ Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 Morales-Bernstein F, Biessy C, Viallon V et al Ultra-processed foods, adiposity and risk of head and neck cancer and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study: a mediation analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2023. Nov 22 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37989797 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-023-03270-1
- ↑ Jump up to: 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Lane MM, Gamage E, Du S et al Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ 2024;384:e077310 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38418082 PMCID: PMC10899807 Free PMC article https://www.bmj.com/content/384/bmj-2023-077310
- ↑ Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 12.2 Fang Z et al. Association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause and cause specific mortality: Population based cohort study. BMJ 2024 May 8; 385:e078476 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38719536 PMCID: PMC11077436 Free PMC article. https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj-2023-078476
- ↑ Jump up to: 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Watson J Ultraprocessed Food and GI Health: Have We Bitten Off More Than We Can Chew? Medscape. May 10, 2024' https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/ultraprocessed-food-and-gi-health-have-we-bitten-more-than-2024a10008z1
- ↑ Mendoza K, Smith-Warner SA, Rossato SL et al Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular disease: analysis of three large US prospective cohorts and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2024 Sep 2;37:100859. . PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39286398 PMCID: PMC11403639 Free PMC article. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-193X(24)00186-8/fulltext
- ↑ Jump up to: 15.0 15.1 Kneisel K Ultraprocessed Foods Implicated in Psoriasis Activity. Association believed to be related to inflammation. MedPage Today November 27, 2024 https://www.medpagetoday.com/dermatology/psoriasis/113163
Penso L, Touvier M, Srour B, Ezzedine K, Sbidian E. Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Psoriasis. JAMA Dermatol. 2024 Nov 27. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39602129 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2827133 - ↑ Zaltz DA The What, How, and Why of Ultraprocessed Foods. The topic of UPF regulation may be just as irresistible as the foods it targets. MedPage Today. Jan 13, 2025 https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/second-opinions/113754
- ↑ Jump up to: 17.0 17.1 Talwadekar M Ultraprocessed Foods Linked to Faster Biological Aging. Mesdcape. Nove 20, 2024 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/ultraprocessed-foods-linked-faster-biological-aging-2024a1000l7u