memory impairment
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Etiology
- mild cognitive impairment
- dementia
- delirium
- amnesia
- hypothyroidism
- often associated with old age
Epidemiology
- 42% of adults who discuss memory problems with their provider receive treatment (therapy, medications)*[4]
* no discussion on effectiveness of therapy or medications[4]
Pathology
- diminished firing rates of involved neurons[1]
- atrophy in the medial prefrontal cortex with normal aging leads to less slow-wave sleep, which impairs medial prefrontal cortex to hippocampus connectivity leaving episodic memory stuck in the hippocampus instead of being transformed into more-stable long-term memory[2]
- working memory declines in older adults (60-76 years vs 20-29 years)[6]
- deficits are linked to desynchronization of rhythmic activity between the prefrontal regions that evaluate information & the temporal regions that store it
- semantic memory & procedural memory generally remain stable with increasing age[7]
- working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, prospective memory, & recall of new text information generally decline with age[7]
Clinical manifestations
- often in association with other features of cognitive impairment.
Management
- targeted high-definition transcranial alternating-current stimulation tuned to individual brain network dynamics for 25 minutes rapidly normalizes cortical-rhythm disruptions, restoring phase synchronization typical of younger adults[6]
- phase coordination associated with improvement in accuracy of working memory, persisting at least 50-minutes poststimulation[6]
- distraction with unrelated information in the same modality might enable patients to use alternative, more efficient memory pathway (alternative to hippocampal encoding)[3]
Comparative biology
- overexpression of FKBP1b in hippocampus of rats reverses age- associated memory impairment & neuronal Ca+2 dysregulation[5]
- in normal rats a functional gradient occurs in CA3 along the transverse axis, as pattern-separated outputs (proximal CA3) with transition to pattern- completed outputs (distal CA3)
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wang M et al. Neuronal basis of age-related working memory decline. Nature. 2011 Jul 27;476(7359):210-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1038/nature10243. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796118
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mander BA et al. Prefrontal atrophy, disrupted NREM slow waves and impaired hippocampal-dependent memory in aging. Nat Neurosci 2013 Jan 27 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354332 <Internet> http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v16/n3/full/nn.3324.html
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cashdollar N et al. Alleviating memory impairment through distraction. J Neurosci 2013 Nov 27; 33:19012 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285905 <Internet> http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/48/19012
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Preventing Chronic Disease. Routine Check-Ups and Other Factors Affecting Discussions With a Health Care Provider About Subjective Memory Complaints, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 21 States, 2011. CME ACTIVITY - Volume 13 - January 28, 2016 http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_0471.htm
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gant JC, Blalock EM, Chen KC et al FK506-Binding Protein 12.6/1b, a negative regulator of [Ca2+], rescues memory and restores genomic regulation in the hippocampus of aging rats. J Neurosci. 2017 Dec 18, 2234-17 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255009 <Internet> http://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2017/12/18/JNEUROSCI.2234-17.2017
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Reinhart RMG, Nguyen JA. Working memory revived in older adults by synchronizing rhythmic brain circuits. Nat Neurosci 2019 Apr 8; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30962628 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0371-x
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lutsep HL Fast Five Quiz: Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment Medscape. April 28, 2021 https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/949619
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jhung L Scientists Find Brain Mechanism Behind Age-Related Memory Loss. Medscape. July 5, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/976566
Lee H, Wang Z, Tillekeratne A et al Loss of functional heterogeneity along the CA3 transverse axis in aging. Current Biology. 2022 32(12):2681-2693, June 20 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35597233 PMCID: PMC9233142 Free PMC article https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)00713-8 - ↑ Forgetfulness: It's Not Always What You Think http://www.niapublications.org/engagepages/forgetfulness.asp