preclinical Alzheimer's disease
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Introduction
Terms created for research purposes.
Etiology
- asymptomatic cerebral amyloidosis
* genetic markers are not included
Clinical manifestations
- missing bill payments & other financial mistakes[10]
Diagnostic criteria
- asymptomatic
Laboratory
- CSF Abeta40/Abeta42 used to identify preclinical Alzheimer's disease[9]
- plasma P-tau217 predicts cognitive decline in patients with preclinical AD[12]
* also see laboratory investigation of Alzheimer's disease
Diagnostic procedures
- optical coherence tomography angiography[3]
- evidence of retinal vascular & microvascular dysfunction
- GPS* monitoring may identify driving features that predict preclinical Alzheimer's disease[9]
* GPS: global positioning system
Radiology
- beta-amyloid identified by amyloid PET using [18F]-florbetapir
- heterogeneous cortical tau PET patterns found inpatients with preclinical AD[11]
* also see radiology of Alzheimer's disease
Complications
- most persons with preclinical Alzheimer's disease will not develop dementia during their lifetime[4]
- consequences of overdiagnosis[7]
- cardiovascular risk synergistically combines with beta-amyloid burden in risk for cognitive decline & dementia[6]
Management
- physical activity & vascular risk reduction may attenuate risks of associated with beta-amyloid on cognitive decline & neurodegeneration in asymptomatic persons[8]
More general terms
References
- ↑ Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013
- ↑ Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA et al Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging- Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):280-92. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514248
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 George J Eyes Might ID Preclinical Alzheimer's. Presymptomatic patients show foveal thinning, retinal changes. MedPage Today. April 24, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aan/72508
Van Stavern G, et al Optical coherence tomography angiography in pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease. American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2018. - ↑ 4.0 4.1 George J. Most Preclinical AD Doesn't Progress to Dementia. Model is the first to include biomarkers in lifetime Alzheimer's dementia risk. MedPage Today. May 22, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/73046
Brookmeyer R, Abdalla N Estimation of lifetime risks of Alzheimer's disease dementia using biomarkers for preclinical disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2018; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29802030 - ↑ Brookmeyer R, Abdalla N, Kawas CH, Corrada MM. Forecasting the prevalence of preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease in the United States. Alzheimers Dement. 2018 Feb;14(2):121-129. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29233480
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rabin JS, Schultz AP, Hedden T et al Interactive Associations of Vascular Risk and beta-Amyloid Burden With Cognitive Decline in Clinically Normal Elderly Individuals. Findings From the Harvard Aging Brain Study. JAMA Neurol. Published online May 21, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29799986 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2680896
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Langa KM, Burke JF. Preclinical Alzheimer Disease - Early Diagnosis or Overdiagnosis? JAMA Intern Med. Published online July 8, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31282928 Free PMC Article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2737753
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Rabin JS, Klein H, Kirn DR et al Associations of Physical Activity and beta-Amyloid With Longitudinal Cognition and Neurodegeneration in Clinically Normal Older Adults. JAMA Neurol. Published online July 16, 2019. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31312836 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2738357
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 George J Driving Patterns Pinpoint Early Alzheimer's Disease. Subtle shifts in on-road behavior suggest GPS-based biomarkers may have merit. MedPage Today July 30, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aaic/93840
Bayat S, Babulal GM., Schindler SE et al. GPS driving: a digital biomarker for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Alz Res Therapy 2021 13, 115 https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00852-1 - ↑ 10.0 10.1 Nicholas LH, Langa KM, Bynum JP et al Financial Presentation of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(2):220-227. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33252621 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2773241
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Young CB, Winer JR, Younes K et al Divergent Cortical Tau Positron Emission Tomography Patterns Among Patients With Preclinical Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol. Published online April 18, 2022 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35435938 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2790807
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 George J Blood Test Predicts Which People With Amyloid Are Likely to Decline Cognitively. Plasma p-tau217 outperformed other preclinical Alzheimer's measures. MedPage Today February 6, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/102970
Mattsson-Carlgren N, Salvado G, Ashton NJ et al Prediction of Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Using Plasma Biomarkers. JAMA Neurol. Published online February 6, 2023 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36745413 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2801289