leukoaraiosis
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Introduction
Diffuse subcortical white matter disease seen on magnetic resonance neuroimaging. see MRI cerebral white matter lesion
Etiology
- risk factors likely related to underlying vascular mechanism
- frontotemporal dementia
- Alzheimer's disease[6]
Epidemiology
- commonly noted on magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain in elderly
Clinical manifestations
- incontinence
- difficulty in walking
- cognitive impairment
- case described as gradual onset[3]
Radiology
- magnetic resonance imaging: white matter hyperintensites
Comparative biology
- pericyte degeneration disrupts white-matter microcirculation, resulting in accumulation of fibrin deposits from the blood, ischemia, loss of myelin, axons & oligodendrocytes, disrupting brain circuitry without neuronal loss[5]
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 2352
- ↑ Inzitari D et al Changes in white matter as determinant of global functional decline in older independent outpatients: Three year follow-up of LADIS (leukoaraiosis and disability) study cohort. BMJ 2009 Jul 6; 339:b2477 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19581317 <Internet> http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2477
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NEJM Question of the Week. Dec 6, 2016 http://knowledgeplus.nejm.org/question-of-week/1365/
- ↑ Vermeer SE et al. Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. N Engl J Med 2003 Mar 28; 348:1215. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660385 Free full text <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa022066
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Montagne A, Nikolakopoulou AM, Zhao Z et al Pericyte degeneration causes white matter dysfunction in the mouse central nervous system. Nature Medicine Feb 5, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29400711 https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4482
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Huynh K et al. Clinical and biological correlates of white matter hyperintensities in patients with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2021 Feb 17; [e-pub] https://n.neurology.org/content/96/13/e1743