hydroxymethylglutaryl [HMG] CoA reductase (HMGCR)

Function

• regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
• rate-limiting enzyme of sterol biosynthesis
• metabolic intermediate biosynthesis
• mevalonate biosynthesis
• R-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA: step 3/3
• HMG CoA reductase activity is regulated at 3 levels:
  • transcriptional (8 fold)
  • translational (5 fold)
  • proteolytic (5 fold)
• regulation is affected by sterols (transcriptional & proteolytic) derived from LDL & non-sterol molecule(s) derived from mevalonate (translational & proteolytic).

(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+  .           <-->
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH

Inhibition:

• inhibited by statins

Structure

• homodimer
• belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family

Compartment

• endoplasmic reticulum membrane
• peroxisome membrane

Alternative splicing

named isoforms=2

Laboratory

• HMG CoA reductase Ab in serum
  • HMG CoA reductase IgG in serum

More general terms

• oxidoreductase
• transmembrane 7 protein
• glycoprotein

Additional terms

• cholesterol biosynthesis
• HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

Database

• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04035.html
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:3156
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/142910