apolipoprotein C3; apo-CIII (APOC3)
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Function
- inhibits lipoprotein lipase & hepatic lipase
- decreases uptake of lymph chylomicrons by hepatic cells
- may delay catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles
Structure
- belongs to the apolipoprotein C3 family
- O-linked glycan consists of gal-galNAc disaccharide, further modified with up to 3 sialic acid residues
- O-glycosylated on Thr- 94 with a core 1 glycan or possibly core 8 glycan
- ApoC-III exists in 3 forms, each with 1 sialic acid difference [[[A131026|apoC]]-III{0}, apoC-III{1}, apoC-III{2}]
Compartment
Expression
- expressed predominantly in liver & to a lesser degree in intestine
Pathology
- single nucleotide polymorphisms in apolipoprotein C3 APOC3 (C-482T & T-455C) are associated with NAFLD & insulin resistance[3]
- defects in APOC3 result in:
- hyperalphalipoproteinemia type 2
- reduced serum triglycerides
- reduced cardiovascular risk[3][4]
Notes
More general terms
References
- ↑ Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd ed. Burtis CA & Ashwood ER (eds), WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia PA, 1993, pg 1022
- ↑ Petersen KF et al Apolipoprotein C3 gene variants in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med 2010 Mar 25; 362:1082 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335584
Riordan SM and Williams R. Gut flora and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2010 Mar 25; 362:1140. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335591 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 The TG and HDL Working Group of the Exome Sequencing Project, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3, Triglycerides, and Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. June 18, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24941081 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1307095
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jorgensen AB et al Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3 and Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease. N Engl J Med. June 18, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24941082 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1308027