predictors of Alzheimer's disease
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Etiology
- 5 strong predictors of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) include:[1]
- memory impairment predominant (amnestic) mild cognitive impairment often precedes Alzheimer's disease[8]
- difficulty remembering events
- difficulty remembering recent conversations[16]
- disruption of circadian rhythms occur prior to the emergence of cognitive impairment[2]
- non-REM sleep slow wave activity is inversely related to Alzheimer's pathology, especially tauopathy[3]
- association most evident at lowest (1-2 Hz) frequencies
- CSF IL-9 is a predictor in African Americans but not Caucasians[4]
- increased risk of dementia associated with tooth loss[11]
- HDL cholesterol & serum triglycerides linked with AD[13]
- risk of AD diminished by 15% in adults age 35-50 years & by 18% in adults age 51-60 years for every 15 mg/dL increase in HDL cholesterol[13]
- serum triglycerides levels were associated with risk of AD only in adults 35-50 years[13]
- 15 mg/dL increase in blood glucose in adults age 51-60 years is associated with a 14% increased risk of AD[13]
Clinical manifestations
- linguistic dysfunction predicts AD before age 85 years[6]
- difficulty managing money may be an early sign of cognitive impairment in the elderly[7]
- older adults who subsequently develop Alzheimer's disease
Laboratory
- plasma phospho-tau combined with executive function & memory tests can predict Alzheimer's disease within 2-6 years among older persons with memory complaints[9]
- higher plasma p-tau217 predicts brain atrophy & worse cognition in preclinical AD[10]
- CSF p-tau181/amyloid-beta42[14]
- higher plasma Abeta40/42 predicts increased longitudinal amyloid-PET signals[10]
- U-p53AZ in blood (AlzoSure Predict) allegedly & predict AD 6 years in advance[12]
Diagnostic procedures
- Fastball EEG: may identify early Alzheimer's disease from normal elderly
- older adults who subsequently develop Alzheimer's disease
- score worse than controls on fluid intelligence, reaction time, numeric memory, prospective memory, & pair-matching[15]
Radiology
- amyloid PET imaging[14]
Additional terms
- Alzheimer's disease (AD)
- etiology/risk of Alzheimer's disease
- prevention of Alzheimer's disease/dementia
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Devanand DP et al, Combining early markers strongly predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2008, 64:871 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18723162
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 George J. Circadian Dysfunction May ID Preclinical Alzheimer's. Fragmented rhythms associated with plaque pathology. MedPage Today. January 29, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/70815
Musiek E et al Circadian rest-activity pattern changes in aging and preclinical Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurology 2018;
Musiek ES. Circadian Rhythms in AD pathogenesis: A Critical Appraisal. Curr Sleep Med Rep. 2017 Jun;3(2):85-92. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29308355
Musiek ES, Holtzman DM. Mechanisms linking circadian clocks, sleep, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2016 Nov 25;354(6315):1004-1008. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27885006 Free PMC Article - ↑ 3.0 3.1 George J Deep Sleep Linked to Early Alzheimer's Signs Non-REM slow wave activity tied to tau pathology. MedPage Today. Jan 10, 2019 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/77361
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wharton W, Kollhoff AL, Gangishetti U et al. Interleukin 9 alterations linked to alzheimer disease in african americans. Ann Neurol 2019 Sep; 86:407. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31271450 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ana.25543
- ↑ George J Long, Frequent Naps Predict Alzheimer's Dementia - Study uses actigraphy to assess snoozing, drowsiness in elderly adults/ MedPage Today August 29, 2020 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/apss/88350
Li P, et al Longer And More Frequent Naps Predict Incident Alzheimer's Dementia In Community-based Older Adults SLEEP 2020; Abstract 1135 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 George J Language Predicts Alzheimer's Onset - AI model uses linguistic dysfunction to spot future dementia. MedPage Today October 26, 2020 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/89340
Eyigoz E, Mathur S, Santamaria M, Cecchi G, Naylor M Linguistic markers predict onset of Alzheimer's disease. EClinicalMedicine 2020 Oct 22;28:100583 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33294808 Free PMC article. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30327-8/fulltext - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Andrews M Trouble Managing Money May Be an Early Sign of Dementia. Annals of Long-Term Care. May 5, 2021 https://www.managedhealthcareconnect.com/annals-long-term-care/trouble-managing-money-may-be-early-sign-dementia
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lutsep HL Fast Five Quiz: Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment Medscape. April 28, 2021 https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/949619
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Palmqvist S, Tideman P, Cullen N et al Prediction of future Alzheimer's disease dementia using plasma phospho-tau combined with other accessible measures. Nat Med 2021. May 24 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34031605 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01348-z
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Pereira JB et al. Plasma markers predict changes in amyloid, tau, atrophy and cognition in non-demented subjects. Brain 2021 Jun 2; [e-pub]. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077494 https://academic.oup.com/brain/advance-article/doi/10.1093/brain/awab163/6291241
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Qi X, Zhu Z, Plassman BL, Wu B Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on Tooth Loss With the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. JAMDA 2021. July 8 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579934 PMCID: PMC8479246 (available on 2022-10-01) https://www.jamda.com/article/S1525-8610(21)00473-4/fulltext
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Anderson P New Blood Test May Detect Preclinical Alzheimer's Years in Advance. Medscape. November 23, 2021 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/963509
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 George J. Blood Profile at Age 35 Linked to Subsequent Alzheimer's Dementia. Associations extend much earlier in life than previously thought. MedPage Today March 24, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/97854
Zhang X, Tong T, Chang A et al Midlife lipid and glucose levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2022. March 22 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35319157 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alz.12641 - ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Long JM et al. Preclinical Alzheimer's disease biomarkers accurately predict cognitive and neuropathological outcomes. Brain 2022 Jul 22; [e-pub]. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35867858 https://academic.oup.com/brain/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/brain/awac250/6648721
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 George J Dementia Signs Emerge Up to 9 Years Before Diagnoses. Cognitive, functional changes spotted in pre-Alzheimer's patients and others. MedPage Today October 15, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/101242
Swaddiwudhipong N, Whiteside DJ, Hezemans FH et al Pre-diagnostic cognitive and functional impairment in multiple sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's & Dmentia. 2022. Oct 12 https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alz.12802 - ↑ 16.0 16.1 NEJM Knowledge+ Psychiatry