olfaction & Alzheimer's disease
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Epidemiology
- men with Alzheimer's disease (AD) more likely to have olfactory dysfunction than women[1]
Pathology
- worse visuospatial functioning associated with olfactory dysfunction[1]
- the primary olfactory cortex is the only primary cortex affected early during the course of Alzheimer's disease.
- olfactory bulb & olfactory tract effected as early as entorhinal cortex[3]
- olfactory bulb & olfactory nerve involvement begins in Braak stage 2
Diagnostic procedures
- UPSIT odor test may predict development of AD inpatients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) & correlate with measures of amyloid plaques* & neurofibrillary tangles (see UPSIT)
* seems inconsistent with Braak staging
Radiology
- olfactory bulb volume may serve as a preclinical marker for adults at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease later in life[5]
Notes
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 Westerfelt HJ et al, Presentation of Alzheimer's disease in patients with and without olfactory deficits. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2007, 22:117 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17156971
- ↑ Albers MW et al Olfactory dysfunction as a predictor of neurodegenerative disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2006, 6:379 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16928347
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Christen-Zaech S, Kraftsik R, Pillevuit O, Kiraly M, Martins R, Khalili K, Miklossy J. Early olfactory involvement in Alzheimer's disease. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003 Feb;30(1):20-5. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12619779
- ↑ Attems J, Jellinger KA, Olfactory tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neuropathol. 2006, 25:265 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17140156
- ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Lu R, Aziz NA, Reuter M et al Evaluation of the Neuroanatomical Basis of Olfactory Dysfunction in the General Population. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Published online August 26, 2021 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34436517 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article-abstract/2783603