stress

^[1]^[2]^[3]

Introduction

reaction of the body to deleterious forces, infections & abnormal states that disturb homeostasis.

investigational MRI^[2]
- during social stress, activation of the amygdala correlates with the size of the city in which a person resides
- activation of a part of the cingulate cortex correlates with upbringing in a large city^[2]

in male mice
- stress activates neurons of the hypothalmic paraventricular nucleus to secrete corticotropin
- inhibition of neurons in the hypothalmic paraventricular nucleus results in modest improvements in sleep, & more substantial gains in memory^[3]

↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Lederbogen F et al. City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans. Nature 2011 Jun 23; 474:498. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21697947
Kennedy DP and Adolphs R. Social neuroscience: Stress and the city. Nature 2011 Jun 23; 474:452. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21697937
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kavanagh K Revealed: how the brain turns stress into a bad night's sleep. Nature News. June 19, 2025 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01910-6
Wiest A, Maurer JJ, Beier KT, Weber F, Chung S. Role of hypothalamic CRH neurons in regulating the impact of stress on memory and sleep. J Neurosci. 2025 Jun 9:e2146242025. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40490361 https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2025/05/30/JNEUROSCI.2146-24.2025