acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

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Introduction

Malignancy of myeloid cells; clonal expansion of myeloblasts in bone marrow, blood or other tissue.

Classification

World Health Organization (WHO)

French-American-Brittish (FAB) classification:

* combined incidence AML-5 (AML-M5a + AML-M5b) 2-9%

Etiology

(risk factors):

Epidemiology

  • worldwide, approximately 2.8/100,000 population per year
  • most cases diagnosed in January, implying seasonal factors such as infectious agents or environmental triggers[32]
  • more common in adults
  • mean age at presentation is 67 years[7]
  • in adults, 90% of acute leukemia is myeloblastic, 10% is lymphoblastic[7]*

* the reverse is true of children & adolescents[7]

Pathology

Genetics

> 20 known genetic aberrations associated with AML

Gene expression profiling clusters[8]

non-coding RNA profiles may provide prognostic information[19]

* multiple (> 5 genetic aberrations) associated with poor prognosis[7]

Clinical manifestations

Laboratory

* image of myeloblasts in a patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia[29]

* images of myeloblast in mitosis & in apoptosis[29]

Complications

Differential diagnosis

Management

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

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    Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
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Patient information

acute myeloid leukemia patient information

Database