acute myeloid leukemia, therapy related

Etiology

• alkylating agent related AML & myelodysplastic syndrome
• topoisomerase II inhibitor related AML, usually epipodophyllotoxins, also anthracyclines

Epidemiology

• usually 5-6 year latency period (1)
• shorter latency period, median 33-34 months (2)

Genetics

• unbalanced translocations or deletions of chromosomes 5 & or 7
  • also chromosomes 1,4, 12, 14, 18 involvement
• predominantly balanced translocation involving 11q23

Clinical manifestations

• frequently presents with myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow failure
  • ~2/3 refractory anemia with multilineage dysplasia
  • usually involves all myeloid cell lines
• usually no preceding myelodysplastic phase
  • most cases acute monoblastic leukemia or acute myelomonocytic leukemia

* 1 & 2 correspond to etiologies 1 & 2

Management

• cytarabine/daunorubicin (Vyxeos) FDA-approved Aug 2017

More general terms

• acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Patient information

acute myeloid leukemia, therapy related patient information