mycosis; fungal infection
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Classification
- dimorphic mycoses include histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, & blastomycosis[11]
Epidemiology
- serious fungal infections are found in:
- 2% of patients at autopsy
- 10% of patients with solid tumors
- up to 40% of patients with leukemia
- 15% of renal transplant patients have a fungal infection at some time
- many pathogenic fungi are saprophytes
- dimorphic mycoses increasingly found outside of endemic areas
- most likely acute fungal infection in a traveler returning from Central America or South America is histoplasmosis
Pathology
- almost all mycoses produce granulomas
Pharmacology
- antifungal agents (polyenes, azoles & echinocandins) are not predictably effective against emerging yeasts & filamentous fungi[3]
- resistance to azoles (pyrroles & triazoles) is more common then with polyenes & echinocandins
Management
- antifungal therapy for fungemia for 14 days after first negative blood cultures
More general terms
More specific terms
- alimentary toxic aleukia
- angioinvasive fungal infection
- aspergillosis
- Blastomycosis
- candidiasis
- chromoblastomycosis (chromomycosis)
- coccidioidomycosis
- cryptococcosis
- dermatophytosis
- entomophthoramycosis
- ergotism
- fungal arthritis
- fungal cystitis
- fungal meningitis
- fungemia (systemic fungal infection, fungal septicemia)
- fusariosis
- geotrichosis
- histoplasmosis (Ohio Valley fever)
- hyalohyphomycosis
- keratomycosis
- maduromycosis
- mucormycosis (Zygomycosis, Phycomycosis)
- mycetoma (fungus ball, Madera foot)
- onychomycosis
- otomycosis; fungal otitis externa
- paracoccidioidomycosis
- paronychia
- petriellidosis (allescheriosis)
- phaeohyphomycosis
- piedra; trichosporosis
- pneumocystosis
- pseudallescheriosis
- rhinosporidiosis
- sporotrichosis
- talaromycosis
- Tinea
- yeast infection
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 807
- ↑ Chen SC, Playford EG, Sorrell TC. Antifungal therapy in invasive fungal infections. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2010 Oct;10(5):522-30. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598943
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Thursky KA, Playford EG, Seymour JF et al Recommendations for the treatment of established fungal infections. Intern Med J. 2008 Jun;38(6b):496-520 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18588522
- ↑ Vyas KS, Bariola JR, Bradsher RW Jr. Treatment of endemic mycoses. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2010 Feb;4(1):85-95. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20387295
- ↑ Kohli R, Hadley S. Fungal arthritis and osteomyelitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005 Dec;19(4):831-51. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16297735
- ↑ Leroux S, Ullmann AJ. Management and diagnostic guidelines for fungal diseases in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology: critical appraisal. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Dec;19(12):1115-21. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118188 Free Article
- ↑ Perfect JR. Fungal diagnosis: how do we do it and can we do better? Curr Med Res Opin. 2013 Apr;29 Suppl 4:3-11. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23621588
- ↑ Malcolm TR, Chin-Hong PV. Endemic mycoses in immunocompromised hosts. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2013 Dec;15(6):536-43. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24197921
- ↑ Kaushik N, Pujalte GG, Reese ST. Superficial Fungal Infections. Prim Care. 2015 Dec;42(4):501-16. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612371
- ↑ Hage CA, Carmona EM, Epelbaum O et al Microbiological Laboratory Testing in the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Practice. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Sep 1;200(5):535-550. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31469325 https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201906-1185ST
Haydour Q, Hage CA, Carmona EM et al Diagnosis of Fungal Infections. A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis Supporting American Thoracic Society Practice Guideline. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 Sep;16(9):1179-1188. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31219341 - ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Mazi PB et al. The geographic distribution of dimorphic mycoses in the United States for the modern era. Clin Infect Dis 2022 Nov 11; [e-pub]. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36366776 https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciac882/6821728
- ↑ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Fungal Diseases https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/fungal-diseases