infection (infectious disease)
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Introduction
The presence of bacteria or other microorganisms in sufficient quantity to damage tissue or impair healing.
Special considerations:
- geriatric patients
- pregnant patients
- immunocompromised patients
Epidemiology
- mortality from infectious diseases declined in the U.S. from 1980-2014, but variations in counties exist[5]
- counties in the Southeastern & Western U.S. with highest mortality due to infectious disease
- factors such as poverty, housing, education, stigma, racism may contribute[5]
History
- travel
- eastern USA
- southwestern USA
- midwestern USA
- international travel
- exposure to animals
- insect bites
- food ingestion
- shellfish
- hamburgers, other foods
- pharmacologic agents
- antibiotics
- IV drug use
- endocarditis
- disc-space disease
- HIV
- leisure activities
- whirlpools/hot tubs
- gardening & peat moss exposure
- hunting
- lifestyle
- homeless or incarceration
- sexual promiscuity
- dental procedures
Management
- common errors
- failure to obtain complete immunization history
- antibiotic ineffective for etiologic agent
- undrained pus, especially abdomen or pelvis
- antibiotic therapy is too brief for infection
- patient non compliance
- colonization of foreign body
- inappropriate drug dosage or drug delivery
- failure to recognize immunodeficiency
- incorrect diagnosis
Notes
- after safety breaches involving anthrax & influenza at federal laboratories in 2014, the U.S. government is pausing funding for new "gain-of-function" studies involving influenza, SARS, & MERS[3]
More general terms
More specific terms
- arthropod-borne infection
- bacterial infection
- catheter-related infection
- childhood infection
- chronic infection (chronic infectious disease)
- coinfection; superinfection
- cyst infection
- deep neck infection
- device infection; implant infection; stent infection
- ear infection
- eye infection (ocular infection)
- eyelid infection
- foot infection
- gastrointestinal infection
- healthcare-associated infection
- hepatobiliary infection
- infection in pregnant patients
- infections in the elderly
- infectious arthritis (septic arthritis)
- intra-abdominal infection
- malakoplakia
- mycosis; fungal infection
- neonatal infection
- nervous system infection
- opportunistic infection
- oral cavity infection
- parasitic infection
- postoperative infection
- recurrent infection
- respiratory tract infection
- retroperitoneal infection
- septic bursitis
- sexually-transmitted disease; sexually-transmitted infection; venereal disease (STD, STI)
- skin infection
- soft tissue infection
- spinal infection
- superinfection
- transfusion-associated infection
- urogenital infection
- vaginal infection
- viral infection
- wound infection
- zoonosis; zoonotic infection
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012, 2018.
- ↑ Baron EJ et al A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2013 Recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. July 10, 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845951 <Internet> http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/06/24/cid.cit278.full
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Office of Science and Technology Assessment. Oct. 17, 2014 Doing Diligence to Assess the Risks and Benefits of Life Sciences Gain-of-Function Research. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/10/17/doing-diligence-assess-risks-and-benefits-life-sciences-gain-function-research
- ↑ Choosing Wisely. Feb 23, 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/infectious-diseases-society-of-america/
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 El Bcheraoui C, Mokdad AH, Dwyer-Lindgren L et al. Trends and patterns of differences in infectious disease mortality among US counties, 1980-2014. JAMA 2018 Mar 27; 319:1248-1260 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29584843
Shuman EK, Malani PN. Infectious diseases mortality in the United States: Ongoing investment needed for continued progress. JAMA 2018 Mar 27; 319:1205-1206 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29584824 - ↑ Fishman JA. From the classic concepts to modern practice. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Sep;20 Suppl 7:4-9. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24528498 Free Article
- ↑ National Cancer Institute: Infectious Agents https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents