infection control

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Management

Precautions to prevent spread of infection include:

Hospital environment:

Staffing:

  • Nurse staffing levels, and especially job-related burnout, seem to be contributing factors in hospital infection rates[3]

Inpatient attire:

  • bare-below-the-elbows attire for inpatient settings
  • if white coats are mandatory, more than one should be available, & hooks should be provided so that coats can be removed before patient contact
  • all clothing that comes in contact with patients or patient environment should be washed after daily use; a hot water cycle, followed by a dryer cycle or ironing that can kill bacteria[8]

Waste disposal

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Huang SS et al, Risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from prior room occupants. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:1945 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17030826
  3. 3.0 3.1 Cimiotti JP et al Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care - associated infection American Journal of Infection Control 40(6):486-490, August 2012 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22854376 <Internet> http://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(12)00709-2/fulltext
  4. Burke JP. Infection control - a problem for patient safety. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 13;348(7):651-6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12584377
  5. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M et al 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings. Am J Infect Control. 2007 Dec;35(10 Suppl 2):S65-164. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815
  6. 6.0 6.1 Huang SS et al Targeted versus Universal Decolonization to Prevent ICU Infection. N Engl J Med 2013 Jun 13; 368:2255 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718152 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1207290
    Edmond MB and Wenzel RP Screening Inpatients for MRSA - Case Closed N Engl J Med. May 29, 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718155 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1207290
  7. 7.0 7.1 Harris AD et al Universal Glove and Gown Use and Acquisition of Antibiotic- Resistant Bacteria in the ICU. A Randomized Trial. JAMA. Published online October 04, 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097234 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1746112
    Malani PN Preventing Infections in the ICU. One Size Does Not Fit All. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097192 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1746111
  8. 8.0 8.1 Bearman G et al Healthcare Personnel Attire in Non-Operating-Room Settings. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 35(2) 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24442071 <Internet> http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/675066
  9. 9.0 9.1 Longtin Y et al. Contamination of stethoscopes and physicians' hands after a physical examination. Mayo Clin Proc 2014 Mar; 89:291. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24582188
    Maki D. Stethoscopes and health care-associated infection. Mayo Clin Proc 2014 Mar; 89:277 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24582185
  10. 10.0 10.1 Brechet C et al. Wastewater treatment plants release large amounts of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli into the environment. Clin Infect Dis 2014 Jun 15; 58:1658. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795329 <Internet> http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/12/1658
    Griffiths JK and Barza M. What happens in hospitals should stay in hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 2014 Jun 15; 58:1666 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795327 <Internet> http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/12/1666
  11. 11.0 11.1 Kaufman DA et al Nonsterile Glove Use in Addition to Hand Hygiene to Prevent Late-Onset Infection in Preterm InfantsRandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. Published online August 11, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25111196 <Internet> http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1894732
    Coffin SE Fighting Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Gloves On or Off? JAMA Pediatr. Published online August 11, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25111036 <Internet> http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1894730
  12. Sydnor ER, Perl TM. Hospital epidemiology and infection control in acute-care settings. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011 Jan;24(1):141-73. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233510 Free PMC Article
  13. Banach DB, Johnston BL, Al-Zubeidi D et al Outbreak Response and Incident Management: SHEA Guidance and Resources for Healthcare Epidemiologists in United States Acute-Care Hospitals. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. Published Dec 2017 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8C035426B3C86E075BBB0AFFAE42F0AC/S0899823X17002124a.pdf/outbreak_response_and_incident_management_shea_guidance_and_resources_for_healthcare_epidemiologists_in_united_states_acutecare_hospitals.pdf
  14. 14.0 14.1 Huang SS, Septimus EJ, Kleinman K et al Nasal Iodophor Antiseptic vs Nasal Mupirocin Antibiotic in the Setting of Chlorhexidine Bathing to Prevent Infections in Adult ICUs. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023;330(14):1337-1347 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37815567 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810510
  15. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Executive Summary: Infection Control in Healthcare Personnel: Infrastructure and Routine Practices for Occupational Infection Prevention and Control Services (2019) https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/healthcare-personnel/exec-summary.html
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guide to Infection Prevention for Outpatient Settings: Minimum Expectations for Safe Care. http://www.cdc.gov/hai/settings/outpatient/outpatient-care-guidelines.html