epigenetic

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Introduction

In reference to a set of reversible heritable changes in gene function or other cell phenotype that occur without a change in DNA sequence (genotype).

Also see from epigenesis.

These changes may:

    • be induced spontaneously
    • occur in response to environmental factors
    • occur in response to the presence of a particular allele, even if it is absent from subsequent generations.

Epigenetic information takes 3 forms:[6]

Cell differentiation is epigenetic, thus a somatic cell can be reprogrammed to become totipotent. Rearrangement of genes in the adaptive immune system represents an exception, because a portion of the DNA has been irreversibly-genetically-deleted from the genome.

Epigenetics includes the study of effects that are inherited from one cell generation to the next, including

Epigenetic inheritance may be maintained through meiosis, & thus may be inherited from one generation to the next in multicellular organisms.

Epigenetic processes include:

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
  2. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org
  3. Bell JT, Spector TD. A twin approach to unraveling epigenetics. Trends Genet. 2011 Mar;27(3):116-25. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257220
  4. Ollikainen M, Craig JM. Epigenetic discordance at imprinting control regions in twins. Epigenomics. 2011 Jun;3(3):295-306. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22122339
  5. Wong CC, Caspi A, Williams B et al A longitudinal study of epigenetic variation in twins. Epigenetics. 2010 Aug 16;5(6):516-26 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505345
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Feinberg AP The Key Role of Epigenetics in Human Disease Prevention and Mitigation. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1323-1334. April 5, 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29617578 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1402513