histone

Introduction

protein associated with nucleic acids; histones constitute approximately half the mass of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.

Classification

• 5 classes of histones: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4

Function

• core component of nucleosome
• the nucleosome is a histone octamer containing 2 molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 & H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer & 2 H2A-H2B heterodimers

Genetics

• histone mRNAs differ from other eukaryotic mRNAs in that they do not end with a poly-A tail but a stem-loop
• proteins involved in histone mRNA processing include: MIF4GD

More general terms

• nuclear protein

More specific terms

• histone H2A-like 3; H2A.L.3 (H2AL3, H2AL1RP)
• histone H2A.N; H2B.N; H2B.N variant histone 1 (H2BN1)
• histone H4 (HIST1H4A, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4B, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4C, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4D, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4E, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4F, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4H, H4/H, H4FH, HIST1H4I, H4/M, H4FM, HIST1H4J, H4/E, H4FE, HIST1H4K, H4/D, H4FD, HIST1H4L, H4/K, H4FK...
• Histone H4-like protein type G (HIST1H4G H4/L H4FL)
• histone-H1
• histone-H2A
• histone-H2B
• histone-H3

Additional terms

• histone acetylation
• histone deacetylation