hyperviscosity syndrome
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Etiology
- polycythemia
- cryoglobulinemia
- diabetes mellitus
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
- multiple myeloma
- acute myeloid leukemia
Pathology
- diminished blood through capillaries secondary to increased viscosity of the blood
- thrombosis & infarction of tissues may occur
- dysfibrinogenemia
Clinical manifestations
- dizziness
- headache
- lethargy, altered mental status
- blurred vision
- epistaxis & other mucosal bleeding may occur with platelet dysfunction
Laboratory
Diagnostic procedures
- funduscopy (images[4])
- dilated, tortuous, segmented retinal veins
Radiology
- chest X-ray: diffuse infiltrates
Complications
- hyperviscosity-related retinopathy[4]
Management
- general: plasmapheresis
- specific measures directed at underlying pathology.
More general terms
Additional terms
- cryoglobulinemia (cryoglobulinemic vasculitis)
- diabetes mellitus
- hyperviscosity
- multiple myeloma; plasmacytoma/plasma cell myeloma
- polycythemia
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
References
- ↑ Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th ed, Ewald & McKenzie (eds), Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1995, pg 527
- ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 19 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2022
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kim W, Kweon E (images) Hyperviscosity-Related Retinopathy in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:73. January 7, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26735995 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1501103