ophthalmoscopy
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Indications
- glaucoma
- retinal disease
- optic neuritis
- visual field loss
- assessment of papilledema due to increased intracranial pressure
Clinical significance
- temporal pallor of the optic nerve (disk) is seen in conditions that damage the optic nerve
- papilledema
- sign of increased intracranial pressure
- swelling for the optic disc
- lipid (appears yellow) leaking out into the macula
- arteriovenous nicking
- often seen in patients with chronic hypertension
- result of changes in arteriolar & venular junctions[4]
- microaneurysms seen in patients with diabetes mellitus[4]
- macular edema seen in patients with diabeted mellitus[4]
- optic atrophy
- disc pallor & distinct margins
- insidious development following ischemic or inflammatory injury to the optic nerve (chronic not acute sign)[4]
Procedure
- examination of the fundus of the eye using a device for studying the interior of the eye through the pupil.
Corneal examination: set at +15 diopters
Video[3]
More general terms
More specific terms
- binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO)
- direct ophthalmoscopy (DO); direct funduscopic examination (DFE)
- ophthalmic diagnostic imaging
- ophthalmoscopy for cataract surgery
- ophthalmoscopy for diabetes mellitus
- ophthalmoscopy for macular degeneration
- ophthalmoscopy for macular edema/retinopathy
- ophthalmoscopy with retinal drawing for retinal detachment/melanoma
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Liu Y, Wu F, Lu L et al VIDEOS IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. Examination of the Retina. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:e9. August 20, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26287871 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm1308125
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 NEJM Knowledge+ Nephrology/Urology
- ↑ NEJM Knowledge+ Ophthalmology