medications during pregnancy
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Introduction
Medications generally regarded as safe during pregnancy*
- acetaminophen (A)
- ibuprofen (B)
- naproxen (B)
- ketoprofen (B)
- diclofenac (B)
- flurbiprofen (B)
- phenazopyridine (B)
- pentosan polysulfate (B)
- lidocaine (B)
- propofol (B)
- methohexital (B)
- glycopyrrolate (B)
- methyldopa (B)
- guanfacine (B)
- acebutolol (B)
- pindolol (B)
- sotolol (B)
- moricizine (B)
- nystatin (B), topical (A)
- clotrimazole (B)
- terbinafine (B)
- amphotericin (B)
- amoxicillin clavulanate (safe)[7]
- azithromycin (B)
- erythromycin (B)
- ciprofloxacin (safe)[7]
- clindamycin (B)
- sulfadiazine (B)
- sulfisoxazole (B)
- cephalosporins (B)
- penicillins (B)
- carbapenem (B)
- spectinomycin (B)
- mupirocin (B)
- metronidazole (B) (avoid in 1st trimester)
- fosfomycin (B)
- ethambutol (B)
- rifabutin (B)
- nitrofurantoin (B)
- nalidixic acid (B)
- famciclovir (B)
- penciclovir (B)
- valacyclovir (B)
- imiquimod (B)
- didanosine (B)
- saquinavir (B)
- ritonavir (B)
- nelfinavir (B)
- lindane (B)
- permethrin (B)
- praziquantel (B)
- altretamine (B)
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents:
- hydroxychloroquine (C); safe in pregnancy[6]
- sulfasalazine (B)
- TNF-alpha inhibitors (B)
- ustekinumab (B)
- anakinra (B)
Gastrointestinal agents (inflammatory bowel disease)
- 5-aminosalicylates are safe[7]
- thiopurines are safe (do not initiate during pregnancy)[7]
- imipramine (B)
- amitriptyline (B)
- doxepin (B)
- maprotiline (B)
- bupropion (B)
- clozapine (B)
Analeptics: pemoline (B)
- H1-receptor antagonists
- diphenhydramine (B)
- chlorpheniramine (B)
- azatadine (B)
- clemastine (B)
- cyproheptadine (B)
- loratadine (B)
- H2 antagonists
- cimetidine (B)
- ranitidine (B)
- famotidine (B)
Antiplatelet:
- ticlopidine (B)
- dipyridamole (B)
- cromolyn (B)
- terbutaline (B)
- ipratropium (B)
- nedocromil (B)
- zafirlukast (B)
- loperamide (B)
- granisetron (B)
- metoclopramide (B)
- ondansetron (B)
- meclizine (B)
- ethacrynic acid (B)
- torsemide (B)
- amiloride (B)
- triamterene (B)
- chlorothiazide (B)
- hydrochlorothiazide (B)
- indapamide (B)
- metolazone (B)
- chlorthalidone (B)
- epleronone (B)
- cabergoline (B)
- desmopressin (B)
- glucagon (B)
- octreotide (B)
- vitamins (A)
- thyroxine (A)
- magnesium sulfate (A)
- carnitine (A)
- probenecid (B)
- acetylcysteine (B)
- dornase alfa (B)
Neuromuscular blocking agents:
- rocuronium (B)
- cisatracurium (B)
- glatiramer (B)
- rivastigmine (B)
- memantine (B)
- brimonidine (B)
- dipivefrin (B)
- lodoxamide (B)
- flavoxate (B)
- oxybutynin (B)
Other
- prostacyclin (B)
- guanadrel (B)
- naloxone (B)
- nalmefene (B)
- masoprocol (B)
- cyclobenzaprine (B)
- ursodiol (B)
- nedocromil (B)
- ritodrine (B)
- urokinase (B)
* pregnancy category in parentheses
Contraindications
- statins
- ACE inhibitors, ARBs
- SSRIs sertraline & fluoxetine are pregnancy category C, but benefit of continuation may outweigh risk[6]
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 13(11): 2006 Cough and Cold Medication use In Pregnancy Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=221112&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 16(6): 2009 Antibiotic and Antifungal Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=250620&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Leachman SA, Reed BR. The use of dermatologic drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Dermatol Clin. 2006 Apr;24(2):167-97, vi. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16677965
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 21(4): 2014 Analgesics in Pregnancy and Lactation Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=300404&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kelley KJ, Sadoughi S, Sofair A FDA: Not Enough Data to Make New Recommendations on Pain Meds During Pregnancy. Physician's First Watch, Jan 12, 2015 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
FDA MedWatch safety alert. Jan 15, 2015 Prescription and Over-the-Counter (OTC) Pain Medicines: Drug Safety Communication - FDA Review of Possible Risks of Pain Medicine Use During Pregnancy. http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm429604.htm - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Mahadevan U et al. Drug safety and risk of adverse outcomes for pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology 2016 Oct 18 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27769809