H1 receptor antagonist (antihistamine)
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Indications
- treatment of allergic rhinitis
- treatment of pruritus & urticaria
Adverse effects
- sedation
- sleepiness
- decreased motor skills
- anticholinergic effects
- sinus tachycardia
* distinguish from sympathomimetic amines -> diaphoresis
Laboratory
Mechanism of action
- controls sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea
- does not benefit nasal congestion
- inhibits mast-cell activation
- non-sedating antihistamines do not cross blood-brain barrier
More general terms
- histamine receptor antagonist (antihistamine)
- parasympatholytic (anticholinergic, antimuscarinic agent)
More specific terms
- acepromazine; acetylpromazine (Atravet, Acezine 2)
- acrivastine
- alcaftadine (LASTACAFT)
- antazoline (Vasocon-A)
- astemizole (Hismanal)
- azatadine (Optimine)
- azelastine (Astelin, Optivar, Azeptin, Azelastinum, Astepro)
- bepotastine (Bepreve)
- brompheniramine (Dimetane)
- carbinoxamine; rotaxamine (Allergefon, Lergefin, Ciberon, Clistin, Rotoxamina)
- cetirizine (Zyrtec, Alertisin, Reactine, Zerviate)
- chlorcyclizine
- chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
- clemastine (Tavist)
- cyclizine (Marezine, Nautazine)
- cyproheptadine (Periactin)
- desloratadine (Clarinex)
- dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
- diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Alledryl, Allergival)
- doxylamine (UniSom)
- emedastine (Emadine, Rapimine, Daren)
- epinastine (Elestat, Alesion)
- fexofenadine (Allegra)
- hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
- ketotifen (Zaditor, Zaditen, Alaway, Claritin Eye, Zyrtec Itchy Eye Drops)
- laropiprant
- latrepirdine (Dimebon, dimeboline, dimebolin)
- loratadine (Claritin)
- methapyrilene (Paradormalene)
- olopatadine (Patanol, Pataday)
- orphenadrine (Norflex)
- phenindamine (Nolahist)
- pheniramine (Tripoton)
- phentoloxamine; phenoxadrine
- phenyltoloxamine
- promethazine (Phenergan, Farganesse)
- pyrilamine (Mepyramine)
- terfenadine (Seldane)
- tripelennamine (PBZ, Pyribenzamine, Pyrinamine, Stanzamine)
- triprolidine (Actidil)
References
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16 20. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012, 2025
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 15(7): 2008 Comparison of Antihistamines Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=240707&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ O'Donoghue M, Tharp MD. Antihistamines and their role as antipruritics. Dermatol Ther. 2005 Jul-Aug;18(4):333-40. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16297006
- ↑ McCoy CE, Honda R. Anticholinergic Toxicity in the Emergency Department. J Educ Teach Emerg Med. 2023 Jan 31;8(1):S25-S47. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37465041 PMCID: PMC10332772 Free PMC article