hallucination

Introduction

Perception of an external stimulus when no external stimulus is present.

Etiology

• schizophrenia
• pharmacologic causes:
  • amantadine
  • beta blockers
    • timolol*
  • levodopa
  • narcotics
    • meperidine
    • pentazocine
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • hallucinogens
  • lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
  • phencyclidine
  • psilocybin (magic mushroom)
  • donepezil*
• neurodegenerative disease
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Lewy body dementia
  • late-stage Alzheimer's disease
• visual release hallucinations in patients with severe vision loss
  • Charles Bonnet syndrome

* most recently started potentially offending medication most likely

Management

• discontinue offending pharmaceutical agents if possible
• antipsychotic agents

More general terms

• sign/symptom

More specific terms

• auditory hallucination
• hallucinations associated with Parkinson's disease
• olfactory hallucination (phantosmia)
• visual hallucination

Additional terms

• delusion
• psychosis
• synesthesia