chlorothiazide (Diuril)
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Introduction
Tradename: Diuril.
Indications
- treatment of hypertension
- management of edema
Dosage
- 250-500 mg PO QD/BID
- 500-2000 mg IV in divided doses 500 mg IV just prior to furosemide administration
Tabs: 250 & 500 mg Suspension 250 mg/5 mL
Caution:
Pharmacokinetics
- excreted unchanged in the urine
- 99% of IV dose excreted within 5 hours
elimination via liver
Adverse effects
- hypercalcemia
- hyperuricemia
- rash
- pancreatitis
- vasculitis
- increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
- cross-sensitivity with sulfa drugs.
- drug adverse effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAAS inhibitors)
- drug adverse effects of thiazide diuretics
- drug adverse effects of diuretics
- drug adverse effects of antihypertensive agents
Mechanism of action
- enhances secretion of Na+, Cl- & H2O by interfering with Na+ & Cl- transport across the renal tubular epithelium mediated by SLC12A3
- site of action: distal tubule.
- thiazides also effect the excretion of other electrolytes including K+ & HCO3-
More general terms
Component of
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996.
- ↑ Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th ed, Ewald & McKenzie (eds), Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1995, pg 123
- ↑ Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998 - not on National VA formulary