cromolyn [disodium chromate] (Intal, Gastrocrom, Nasalcrom, Crolom)
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Introduction
Tradename: Intal, Crolom. (cromolyn sodium).
Indications
- prophlaxis for bronchospasm
- prophylaxis for allergen-induced asthma
- prophylaxis for exercise-induced asthma
- ocular inflammation[7]
- allergic rhinitis[7]
- systemic mastocytosis[7]
- inflammatory bowel disease[7]
- food allergy[7]
Dosage
- 20 mg (2 inhalations) inhaled QID.
- 200 mg PO QID. Pediatrics: 2-12 yo: 100 mg PO BID.
- nasal: 1 spray (5.2 mg) TID/QID
- prophylactic dosing
- variable response
- Ophthalmic: 1 drop 4-6 times/day (4%)
Tabs: 100 mg.
Nebulizer: 10 mg/mL. 2 mL/ampule. Inhaler:
Nasal spray: Tradename: Nasalcrom, 5.2 mg/spray
Ophthalmic: (Crolom) (4%)
Pharmacokinetics
duration of action 4-6 hours
elimination via liver
elimination via kidney
Adverse effects
- common (> 10%)
- coughing (bronchospasm)
- hoarseness
- unpleasant taste (inhalation aerosol)
- less common (1-10%)
- uncommon (< 1%)
Mechanism of action
- inhibits mast cell response to IgE
- 4 to 10 times less potent than nedocromil
- inhibits activation of macrophages
- inhibits activation of T helper cells
- decreases bronchial hyper-responsiveness
- inhibits antigen-induced bronchospasm & release of histamine from sensitized mast cells.
More general terms
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- ↑ Saunders Manual of Medical Practice, Rakel (ed), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pg 85
- ↑ Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
- ↑ Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 742, 763
- ↑ Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Deprecated Reference
Database
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=2882
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=27503
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=27686
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=2881
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=657312