diarrhea
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Classification
- acute diarrhea
- chronic diarrhea
- infectious diarrhea
- traveler's diarrhea
- diarrhea in patients with AIDA
- osmotic diarrhea
- secretory diarrhea
- inflammatory diarrhea[1]
- malabsorptive diarrhea (see steatorrhea)
Etiology
- acute diarrhea (< 2 weeks duration) is generally infectious diarrhea
- chronic diarrhea (> 4 weeks duration) is generally non-infectious
History
- onset
- duration
- frequency
- volume
- timing (daytime only with mucous stools suggests irritable bowel syndrome)
- fever
- abdominal pain
- cramping
- tenesmus
- nausea/vomiting
- ability to keep foods down
- bloating
- light-headedness
- myalgias
- arthralgia
- headache
- buoyancy
- blood or mucus
- pus
- oily?
- odor
- spoiled, raw or undercooked poultry (Salmonella)
- milk
- seafood
- restaurants
- travel
- effect of fasting (fasting decreases osmotic diarrhea, but has no effect on secretory diarrhea)
- laxative abuse
- ill contacts
- diabetes
- inflammatory bowel disease
- alcoholism
- hyperthyroidism
- family history of celiac disease
- immunodeficiency or immunosuppression
Management
- see specific etiology
- see antidiarrheal agent
- anti-motility agents contraindicated with bloody or inflammatory diarrhea*
- antibiotic treatment of mild diarrhea does not expedite recovery & may prolong shedding of Salmonella[1]
* toxic megacolon is complication
More general terms
More specific terms
- acute diarrhea
- bloody diarrhea; inflammatory diarrhea
- chronic diarrhea
- congenital diarrhea
- diarrhea in patients with AIDS
- hereditary diarrhea
- HIV1/AIDS-associated diarrhea
- infectious diarrhea; infectious colitis
- osmotic diarrhea
- secretory diarrhea
- traveler's diarrhea
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2015, 2018.
- ↑ Kent AJ, Banks MR. Pharmacological management of diarrhea. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):495-507 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951914
- ↑ Sweetser S. Evaluating the patient with diarrhea: a case-based approach. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jun;87(6):596-602. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22677080 Free PMC Article
- ↑ Schiller LR. Diarrhea and malabsorption in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2009 Sep;38(3):481-502. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19699409
- ↑ ARUP Consult: Diarrhea The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection & Interpretation https://www.arupconsult.com/content/diarrhea
ARUP Consult: Diarrhea in Healthy Pediatric Patients Testing Algorithm https://arupconsult.com/algorithm/diarrhea-healthy-pediatric-patients-testing-algorithm
ARUP Consult: Diarrhea in Hospitalized Adult Patients Testing Algorithm https://arupconsult.com/algorithm/diarrhea-hospitalized-adult-patients-testing-algorithm
ARUP Consult: Diarrhea in Immunocompromised Hosts Testing Algorithm https://arupconsult.com/algorithm/diarrhea-immunocompromised-hosts-testing-algorithm
ARUP Consult: Diarrhea in Primary Care Adults Testing Algorithm https://arupconsult.com/algorithm/diarrhea-primary-care-adults-testing-algorithm
ARUP Consult: Diarrhea in Returned Traveller or Immigrant Testing Algorithm https://arupconsult.com/algorithm/diarrhea-returned-traveller-or-immigrant-testing-algorithm - ↑ National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Diarrhea https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea