pharmaceutical agents associated with confusion

Etiology

• alfentanil (Alfenta)
• alprazolam (Xanax)
• amantadine or adamantamine (Symmetrel)
• amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep)
• amoxapine (Asendin)
• anastrozole (Arimidex)
• atenolol (Tenormin)
• atorvastatin (Lipitor)
• atropine (Atropair, Atropine-Care)
• aztreonam (Azactam)
• baclofen (Lioresal)
• benzathine penicillin (Bicillin L-A)
• benzodiazepine
• benztropine <mesylate> (Cogentin)
• beta adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker)
• betamethasone (Celestone, Diprosone, Valisone, Diprolene, Soluspan)
• bicalutamide (Casodex)
• bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, BSS)
• bretylium (Bretylol)
• bromocriptine (Parlodel)
• bupivacaine (Marcaine, Sensorcaine)
• bupropion (Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Zyban)
• buspirone (BuSpar)
• butalbital
• butorphanol (Stadol, Stadol NS)
• carbamazepine (Tegretol, Atretol, Eiptol, Carbatrol)
• chloral [hydrate] (Noctec)
• chlorambucil (Leukeran)
• chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
• chloroprocaine (Nesacaine)
• cidofovir (Vistide)
• cimetidine (Tagamet)
• ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Ciloxan)
• citalopram (Celexa, nitalapram)
• clomipramine (Anafranil)
• clonazepam (Klonopin)
• clorazepate (Tranxene)
• codeine
• cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
• cycloserine (Seromycin, Pulvules)
• cytosine arabinoside or cytarabine (Cytosar, ARA-C, HiDAC, Depocyt)
• dantrolene (Dantrium)
• desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane)
• dextromethorphan
• diazepam (Vallium, Diastat)
• dicyclomine (Bentyl)
• digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)
• disulfiram (Antabuse)
• donepezil (Aricept)
• doxepin (Sinequan, Adapin, Zonalon)
• esmolol (Brevibloc)
• ethambutol (Myambutol)
• fenoprofen (Nalfon)
• fentanyl (Sublimaze, Duragesic, Fentanyl Oralet, Actiq)
• FK506 (tacrolimus, Prograf)
• flavoxate (Urispas)
• flecainide (Tambocor)
• flucytosine (Ancobin)
• flurazepam (Dalmane)
• flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Ocufen)
• flutamide (Eulexin)
• foscarnet (Foscavir)
• ganciclovir (DHPG, Cytovene, Vitrasert)
• glycerol or glycerin (Osmoglyn)
• glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
• griseofulvin (Fulvicin, Grifulvin, Grisactin)
• guanethidine (Ismelin)
• hydrocodone (Hycodan)
• ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, Rufen)
• ifosfamide (Ifex)
• imipramine (Tofranil, Janimine)
• indomethacin (Indocin)
• insulin
• interferon [IFN]-beta 1A (Avonex)
• interferon [IFN]-beta 1B (betaseron)
• L-deprenyl (Selegiline, Eldepryl)
• levodopa (L-dopa, Dopar, Larodopa)
• lidocaine (Xylocaine)
• lorazepam (Ativan)
• loxapine (Loxitane)
• meclofenamate (Meclomen)
• mefenamic acid (Ponstel)
• mefloquine (Lariam)
• meperidine (Demerol)
• mephenytoin, methoin or methylphenylethylhydantoin (Mesantoin)
• mephobarbital (Mebaral)
• mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
• meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown)
• meropenem (Merrem)
• methadone (Dolophine, Methadose)
• methylene blue
• methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)
• methysergide (Sansert)
• metoprolol (Lopressor Toprol XL)
• mexiletine (Mexitil)
• midodrine (ProAmatine)
• mirtazapine (Remeron)
• mitomycin C (Mutamycin)
• mitotane (Lysodren)
• morphine (morphine sulfate [MS], MS Contin, Roxanol, Oramorph SR, Kadian, Avinza)
• nalbuphine (Nubain)
• naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve Anaprox)
• nefazodone (Serzone, Dutonin, Nefador, Nefirel, Rezeril)
• non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent (NSAID)
• nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor)
• oxazepam (Serax)
• oxycodone (Roxicodone, OxyContin, OxyIR, OxyFast)
• oxymorphone (Numorphan)
• parasympatholytic (anticholinergic, antimuscarinic agent)
• penicillin
• penicillin G
• pentobarbital (Nembutal)
• pentostatin (Nipent, DCF, 2'deoxycoformycin)
• pergolide (Permax)
• phenobarbital (Luminal, Barbita, Solfoton, PB, PHB)
• phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
• phenytoin or diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin, Dephenylan)
• piperacillin (Pipracil)
• piroxicam (Feldene)
• podophyllin or podophyllum resin (Podocon-25, Podofin)
• pramipexole (Mirapex)
• prazepam (Centrax)
• primidone or desoxyphenobarbital (Primaclone, Mysoline)
• procainamide (Procan Pronestyl-SR)
• procaine penicillin (Wycillin)
• procarbazine (Matulane)
• propantheline (Pro-Banthine)
• propofol (Diprivan)
• propranolol (Inderal)
• protriptyline (Vivactil)
• quinidine [gluconate (Quinaglute, Quinalan) & sulfate (Quinidex, Quinora
• ranitidine (Zantac)
• rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)
• ritonavir (Norvir)
• ropinirole (Requip)
• saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase)
• scopolamine (Transderm Scop, Hyoscine)
• sotalol (Betapace)
• sufentanil (Sufenta)
• sulindac (Clinoril)
• tamoxifen (Novaldex)
• temazepam (Restoril)
• tocainide (Tonocard)
• tolcapone (Tasmar)
• topiramate (Topamax)
• trazodone (Desyrel)
• tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
• thiethylperazine (Torecan, Norzine)
• trihexyphenidyl (Artane, Trihexy)
• trimipramine (Surmontil)
• valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote, Divalproex)
• vincristine, 22-oxovincaleukoblastine or leurocristine (Oncovin, Vincasar PFS)
• zidovudine or azidothymidine (Retrovir, AZT)

More general terms

• drug adverse effect(s)