zidovudine; azidothymidine; AZT (Retrovir)

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Introduction

Tradenames: Retrovir, AZT.

Indications

Dosage

  • may be administered with or without food
  • 200 mg PO TID or 300 mg PO BID
  • 100 mg PO every 4 hours, including night dose if symptomatic
  • doses of 300-400 mg daily are appropriate in patients with severe renal dysfunction
  • 1-2 mg/kg IV infused over 1 hour every 4 hours
  • children: 3 months to 13 years
    • 90-180 mg/m2 (max 200 mg) PO every 6 hours
    • 1-2 mg/kg IV infused over 1 hour every 4 hours
  • 1000 mg/day if thrombocytopenic

Capsule: 100 mg.

Tabs: 300 mg.

Syrup: 50 mg/5 mL (240 mL).

Injection: 10 mg/mL (20 mL)

Dosage adjustment in renal failure

Table

creatinine clearance dosage
> 50-90 mL/min 200 mg PO TID or 300 mg PO BID
10-50 mL/min 200 mg PO TID or 300 mg PO BID
< 10 mL/min* 100 mg PO TID

* same dose for hemodialysis

Pharmacokinetics

elimination via liver

elimination via kidney

1/2life = 1-1.5 hours

protein binding = 30 %

Adverse effects

* An HIV-associated myositis is also described

Drug interactions

Laboratory

Mechanism of action

More general terms

Additional terms

Component of

References

  1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
  2. Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) 56th edition, Medical Economics, 2002
  3. Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
  4. Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 14, 17. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2006, 2015
  6. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, NW Tietz (ed) 3rd ed, WB Saunders, Philadelpha 1995
  7. Sanford Guide to antimicrobial therapy 2001

Database