pentobarbital (Nembutal)
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Introduction
Tradename: Nembutal. DEA-controlled substance: class 2.
Indications
- sedation (sedative/hypnotic)
- high doses used for treatment of cerebral hypoxia
- increased intracranial pressure
- seizures, status epilepticus*
- general anesthesia*[3]
- tetanus
* endotracheal intubation & mechanical ventilation[3]
Dosage
Pediatrics: 2-6 mg/kg/day.
Tabs: 50 & 100 mg.
Suppositories: 30, 60, 120, 200 mg.
Adverse effects
- CNS depression
- confusion
- drowsiness
- ataxia
- coma
- respiratory depression
- shock
- urticaria
- tolerance & physical dependence
Drug interactions
- coadministration of valproic acid may increase barbiturate concentrations
Laboratory
- specimen:
- methods: GLC, GC-MS, HPLC, EIA
- interferences: EIA: secobarbital, phenobarbital
- labs with Loincs
More general terms
Component of
- pentobarbital/phenytoin
- belladonna alkaloid/caffeine/ergotamine/pentobarbital
- caffeine/ergotamine/pentobarbital (Cafergot PB)
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- ↑ Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed. Teitz ed., W.B. Saunders, 1995
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 3.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 20 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2025
Database
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4737
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5982
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=88982
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=66994
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=656845
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=88980
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=18738