chaperonin; chaperone

Introduction

Molecular chaperones or chaperonins constitute distinct families of proteins that are ubiquitous & highly conserved from bacteria to humans. They appear to bind non-native conformations of most, if not all proteins, thereby preventing their aggregation & subsequent inactivation. Chaperonins not only protect newly synthesized proteins during transport & folding, but serve to maintain cells in a healthy state during exposure to a multitude of stress conditions. Chaperonins are expressed constitutively, but their synthesis is enhanced during stress conditions. In mitochondrial protein biogenesis, chaperonins act as unfoldases, pulling devices & foldases.

More general terms

• carrier protein (transporter)

More specific terms

• 10 kD heat shock protein, mitochondrial; Hsp10; 10 kD chaperonin; CPN10; early-pregnancy factor; EPF (HSPE1)
• 60 kD heat shock protein, mitochondrial; heat shock protein 60; HSP-60; Hsp60; 60 kD chaperonin; chaperonin 60; CPN60; mitochondrial matrix protein P1; P60 lymphocyte protein; HuCHA60 (HSPD1, HSP60)
• alpha-crystallin
• aryl-hydrocarbon-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1, AIPL2)
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10 protein (BBS10, C12orf58)
• C1GALT1-specific chaperone 1 (core 1 beta3-galactosyltransferase- specific molecular chaperone, beta1,3-galactosyltransferase 2, C1GalT2, C1Gal-T2, C38H2-like protein 1, C38H2-L1, C1GALT1C1, COSMC, HSPC067, MSTP143, UNQ273/PRO310)
• calnexin; major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-binding protein p88; p90; IP90 (CANX)
• chaperone-ABC1-like; chaperone-activity of bc1 complex-like mitochondrial (CABC1, ADCK3)
• complex 1 intermediate-associated protein 30, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 1 (NDUFAF1, CIA30, CGI-65)
• cyclophilin A (cyclosporin A-binding protein A, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, CypA, PPIA)
• cyclophilin B (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B, S-cyclophilin, CypB, PPIB, SCYLP, CYP-S)
• cyclophilin C; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C
• cyclophilin D (cyclophilin 40, 40 kD peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, PPID, CYP40, CYPD)
• cyclophilin E (cyclophilin 3, 33kD peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, cyclophilin 33, rotamase E, PPIE, CYP33)
• cyclophilin F (cyclophilin 3, mitochondrial peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, PPIF, CYP3)
• cyclophilin G (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G, PPIase G, rotamase G, Clk-associating RS-cyclophilin, CARS-cyclophilin, CARS-Cyp, SR-cyclophilin, SRcyp, CASP10, PPIG)
• cyclophilin H (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H, PPIase H, rotamase H, U-snRNP-associated cyclophilin SnuCyp-20, USA-CYP, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein [snRNP] particle-specific cyclophilin H, PPIH, CYP20, CYPH)
• cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial; complex III subunit 1; core protein I; ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex core protein 1; process-enhancing protein (UQCRC1)
• DNAJ homolog
• dual oxidase maturation factor 1 (dual oxidase activator 1, Numb-interacting protein, DUOXA1, NIP, NUMBIP)
• dual oxidase maturation factor 2 (dual oxidase activator 2, DUOXA2)
• endoplasmin; heat shock protein 90 kD beta member 1; 94 kD glucose-regulated protein; GRP94; gp96 homolog; tumor rejection antigen 1 (HSP90B1, TRA1)
• GrpE protein homolog 1, mitochondrial (mt-GrpE#1, HMGE, GRPEL1, GREPEL1)
• GrpE, Yge1 (Mge1 or GrpEp) in fungi
• heat shock cognate 71 kD protein (heat shock 70 kD protein 8, HSPA8, HSC70, HSP73, HSPA10)
• heat shock protein Stch
• heat shock protein [hsp] 70, HSP70A or HSP-A
• heat shock protein [hsp]-110
• heat shock protein [hsp]-90
• histone chaperone ASF1A (anti-silencing function protein 1 homolog A, hAsf1, hAsf1a, CCG1-interacting factor A, CIA, hCIA, ASF1A)
• histone chaperone ASF1B (anti-silencing function protein 1 homolog B, hAsf1, hAsf1b, CCG1-interacting factor A-II, CIA-II, hCIA-II, ASF1B)
• Hsc70-interacting protein (Hip, suppression of tumorigenicity protein 13, putative tumor suppressor ST13, protein FAM10A1, progesterone receptor-associated p48 protein, NY-REN-33 antigen, ST13, FAM10A1, HIP, SNC6)
• Hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37; Hsp90 chaperone protein kinase-targeting subunit; p50Cdc37 (CDC37, CDC37A)
• HTR3 protein (histidine transport regulator)
• J domain-containing protein C21orf55 (DNAJC28)
• Lon protein or Pim1p in fungi
• methylmalonic aciduria type A protein, mitochondrial (MMAA)
• midasin (MIDAS-containing protein, MDN1, KIAA0301)
• mitochondrial chaperone BCS1; h-BCS1; BCS1-like protein (BCS1L BCS1)
• mitochondrial import stimulating factor (MSF)
• nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC)
• nucleotide exchange factor SIL1 (BiP-associated protein, BAP, SIL1)
• presequence binding factor (PBF)
• prostaglandin E synthase 3; cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase; cPGES; Hsp90 co-chaperone; progesterone receptor complex p23; telomerase-binding protein p23 (PTGES3, P23, TEBP)
• Proteasome assembly chaperone 2 (PAC-2, tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 5-induced protein 1, hepatocellular carcinoma-susceptibility protein 3, PSMG2, HCCA3, PAC2, TNFSF5IP1)
• proteasome assembly chaperone 4 (PAC-4, hPAC4, PSMG4, C6orf86, PAC4)
• protein disulfide-isomerase-like protein of the testis (PDILT)
• receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP, CRLR activity-modifying-protein, calcitonin-receptor-like receptor-activity-modifying-protein)
• serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting protein; protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (STYX)
• stress-70 protein, mitochondrial; 75 kD glucose-regulated protein; GRP 75; heat shock 70 kD protein 9; peptide-binding protein 74; PBP74; mortalin; MOT (HSPA9, GRP75, HSPA9B)
• T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha; TCP-1-alpha; CCT-alpha (CCT1, CCTA, TCP1)
• T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma; TCP-1-gamma; CCT-gamma; hTRiC5 (CCT3, CCTG, TRIC5)
• T-complex protein 1 subunit theta-like 1 (CCT8L1, CCT8L1P)
• T-complex protein 1 subunit theta-like 2 (CCT8L2 CESK1)
• T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta; TCP-1-zeta; CCT-zeta; CCT-zeta-1; Tcp20; HTR3; acute morphine dependence-related protein 2 (CCT6A, CCT6, CCTZ)
• tailless complex polypeptide-1 (TCP-1)
• THO complex subunit 4; Tho4; Ally of AML-1 & LEF-1; transcriptional coactivator Aly/REF; bZIP-enhancing factor BEF (THOC4, ALY, BEF, ALYREF)
• torsin-1A; dystonia 1 protein; torsin family 1 member A (TOR1A, DQ2, DYT1)
• tubulin-specific chaperone A (tubulin-folding cofactor A, CFA, TCP1-chaperonin cofactor A, TBCA)
• tubulin-specific chaperone B (tubulin-folding cofactor B, cytoskeleton-associated protein 1, cytoskeleton-associated protein CKAPI, TCP1-chaperonin cofactor B, TBCB, CKAP1, CG22)
• tubulin-specific chaperone C (tubulin-folding cofactor C, CFC, TCP1-chaperonin cofactor C, TBCC)
• tubulin-specific chaperone cofactor E-like protein; leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 35 (LRRC35, TBCEL, EL)
• tubulin-specific chaperone D (tubulin-folding cofactor D, tubulin-folding cofactor D, beta-tubulin cofactor D, tfcD, SSD-1, TBCD)
• tubulin-specific chaperone E (tubulin-folding cofactor E, TBCE)
• UNC45 homolog B (UNC-45B) (UNC45B CMYA4 UNC45)

Additional terms

• chaperone