healthy (successful) aging; sustained independence
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Introduction
It is NOT an unreasonable point of view that aging is an inherantly unhealthy & unsuccessful process. It is simply that there are no current means of preventing it & no good ideas on the horizon.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined healthy aging as 'a process of maintaining functional ability to enable wellbeing in older age'
Components of the concept of healthy (successful) aging[13][14] include:
- low probability of disease & disability
- high cognitive physical & cognitive functional capacity
- active engagement in life
sustained independence of older adults in general is facilitated by the strategy of optimization (more frequent practice) with compensation (choosing easier tasks)[1][11][12]
Pathology
- cerebral cortical atrophy occurs slower in elderly >= 80 years of age with preserved episodic memory[8]
- longevity with unimpaired cognition into old age is associated with resistance to development of neurofibrillary tangles & senile plaques
- normal aging is associated with isolated neurofibrillary tangles[9]
- resistance to age-related neurofibrillary degeneration in the entorhinal cortex may contribute to preserved memory in SuperAgers.[10]
Management
- midlife cardiovascular fitness associated with lower risk of chronic disease in old age[2]
- healthy diet (Mediterranean diet) in middle age linked to healthy aging in women[3]
- high flavonoid cocoa supplement ameliorates plasma oxidative stress & inflammation & improves mobility & quality of life in elders[6]
- improvements in glycemic index, dyslipidemia, plasma markers of oxidative stress
- improvement in get-up-&-go test, frailty & quality of life[6]
- spending >= 2 hours/week in natural environments can benefit health & well-being[7]
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Geriatrics Review Syllabus, American Geriatrics Society, 5th edition, 2002-2004
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2022 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Willis BL et al. Midlife fitness and the development of chronic conditions in later life. Arch Intern Med 2012 Sep 24; 172:1333. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22928178 <Internet> http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1352789
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Samieri C et al The Association Between Dietary Patterns at Midlife and Health in Aging: An Observational Study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(9):584-591 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189593 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1763229
- ↑ Woo J. Nutritional strategies for successful aging. Med Clin North Am. 2011 May;95(3):477-93, ix-x PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549873
- ↑ Jagger C et al. A comparison of health expectancies over two decades in England: Results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II. Lancet 2015 Dec 8; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680218
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Munguia L, Rubio-Gayosso I, Ramirez-Sanchez I et al High flavonoid cocoa supplement ameliorates plasma oxidative stress and inflammation levels while improving mobility and quality of life in older subjects: a double blind randomized clinical trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, glz107. May 6, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31056655 https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/gerona/glz107/5485921
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 White MP, Alcock I, Grellier J et al Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing. Scientific Reports 9, Article number: 7730 (2019) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44097-3
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Samuelson K Next step in Alzheimer's research: Brain shrinkage rates. SuperAger brains shrink more slowly than peers' brains. Northwestern Now. April 04, 2017 https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2017/april/alzheimers-research-superagers-brain-shrinkage/
Cook AH, Sridhar J, Ohm D et al Rates of Cortical Atrophy in Adults 80 Years and Older With Superior vs Average Episodic Memory JAMA. 2017;317(13):1373-1375 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384819 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2614177 - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hoenig MC, Willscheid N, Bischof GN et al Assessment of Tau Tangles and Amyloid-beta Plaques Among Super Agers Using PET Imaging. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(12):e2028337. Dec 11 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33306113 Free article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774071
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Gefen T, Kawles A, Makowski-Woidan B et al Paucity of Entorhinal Cortex Pathology of the Alzheimer's Type in SuperAgers with Superior Memory Performance. Cerebral Cortex. 2021. Feb 17 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33592091 https://academic.oup.com/cercor/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhaa409/6137893
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Nimrod GJ. Aging well in the digital age: technology in processes of selective optimization with compensation. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2020 Oct 16;75(9):2008-2017. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31504873 https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/75/9/2008/5555356
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Zhang W, Radhakrishnan K. Evidence on selection, optimization, and compensation strategies to optimize aging with multiple chronic conditions: a literature review. Geriatr Nurs. 2018;39(5):534-542 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29609993 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197457218300806
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Successful aging. Gerontologist. 1997;37(4):433-440 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279031 https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/37/4/433/611033
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Stowe JD, Cooney TM. Examining Rowe and Kahn's concept of successful aging: importance of taking a life course perspective. Gerontologist. 2015;55(1):43-50 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24906516 PMCID: PMC4986588 Free PMC article https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/55/1/43/573784
- ↑ Rudnicka E, Napierala, Podfigurna A et al The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing. Maturitas. 2020 Sep;139:6-11. Epub 2020 May 26. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32747042 Free PMC article