livedo reticularis; livedoid vasculopathy; mottled skin; cutis marmorata

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Classification

  • cutis marmorata
  • livedo reticularis idiopathica
    • persists on warming
    • not associated with known diseases
    • occurs in persons with unstable nervous systems
    • ulceration is a complication
  • livedo reticularis symptomatica

Etiology

Epidemiology

  • mean age 45 years
  • 71% women

Pathology

Clinical manifestations

* images[3][6]

Laboratory

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. DeGowin & DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination, 6th edition, RL DeGowin (ed), McGraw Hill, NY 1994, pg 455
  2. 2.0 2.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15, 16, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018.
  3. 3.0 3.1 DermNet NZ. Livedo reticularis (images) http://dermnetnz.org/vascular/livedo-reticularis.html
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Scheinfeld NS, James WD Medscape: Livedoid Vasculopathy http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1082675-overview
  5. 5.0 5.1 Rashid RM, Barros BS (image) Hidden Heart Disease: 19 Dermatologic Clues You Should Know. Medscape. June 13, 2017. http://reference.medscape.com/slideshow/hidden-heart-disease-6004452
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Sharma K, Patel A. Livedo Reticularis in Cold Agglutinin Disease. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:e27 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31553839 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1902289