pharyngitis

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[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]

Introduction

Inflammation of the pharynx.

Etiology

History

Physical examination

Clinical manifestations

* Centor criteria: predictive of group A Streptococcus

* image[26]

Laboratory

Radiology

Complications

Differential diagnosis

Management

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. ↑ Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 796
  2. ↑ Saunders Manual of Medical Practice, Rakel (ed), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pg 100-101
  3. ↑ The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy, 29th ed., Gilbert, DN et al (editors), Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc., Hyde Park VT, 1999
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2018, 2022.
    Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
  5. ↑ Journal Watch 21(21):167, 2001 Linder JA et al Antibiotic treatment of adults with sore throat by community primary care physicians: a national survey, 1989-1999. JAMA 286:1181, 2001 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11559262
  6. ↑ Prescriber's Letter 9(5):25 2002
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Journal Watch 23(14):115, 2003 Gieseker KE et al Evaluating the American Academy of Pediatrics diagnostic standard for Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis: backup culture versus repeat rapid antigen testing. Pediatrics 111:e666, 2003 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12777583
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Journal Watch 25(8):65, 2005 Olympia RP, Khine H, Avner JR. Effectiveness of oral dexamethasone in the treatment of moderate to severe pharyngitis in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Mar;159(3):278-82. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15753273
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Humair JP, Revaz SA, Bovier P, Stalder H. Management of acute pharyngitis in adults: reliability of rapid streptococcal tests and clinical findings. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Mar 27;166(6):640-4. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567603
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 The NNT: Corticosteroids for Acute Pharyngitis. http://www.thennt.com/nnt/steroids-for-pharyngitis/
    Hayward G et al Corticosteroids for pain relief in sore throat: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2009 Aug 6; 339:b2976 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661138 <Internet> http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2976
    Little P. Sore throat in primary care. BMJ 2009 Aug 6; 339:b2476 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661137 <Internet> http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2476
    Hayward G, Thompson MJ, Perera R, Corticosteroids as standalone or add-on treatment for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17;10:CD008268 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076943
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 McIsaac WJ, Kellner JD, Aufricht P, Vanjaka A, Low DE. Empirical validation of guidelines for the management of pharyngitis in children and adults. JAMA. 2004 Apr 7;291(13):1587-95. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15069046
    Centor RM et al Pharyngitis management: defining the controversy. J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Jan;22(1):127-30. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351852
    Centor RM Expand the pharyngitis paradigm to adolescents and young adults Annals of Internal Medicine 2009, 151:812 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19949147 <Internet> http://www.annals.org/content/151/11/812.abstract
  12. ↑ Centor RM, Samlowski R. Avoiding sore throat morbidity and mortality: when is it not "just a sore throat?". Am Fam Physician. 2011 Jan 1;83(1):26, 28. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888123
  13. ↑ Fine AM et al Participatory Medicine: A Home Score for Streptococcal Pharyngitis Enabled by Real-Time Biosurveillance: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(9):577-583 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189592 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1763228
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Hersh AL et al Principles of Judicious Antibiotic Prescribing for Bacterial Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatrics. Pediatrics. Nov 8, 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24249823 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/11/12/peds.2013-3260.full.pdf+html
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Thompson M et al Duration of symptoms of respiratory tract infections in children: systematic review. BMJ 2013;347:f7027 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24335668 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.f7027
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Little P, Stuart B, Hobbs FD et al. Predictors of suppurative complications for acute sore throat in primary care: Prospective clinical cohort study. BMJ 2013 Nov 25; 347:f6867 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24277339 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.f6867
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Durand ML et al Case 32-2014 - A 78-Year-Old Woman with Chronic Sore Throat and a Tonsillar Mass. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1535-1543. October 16, 2014. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317874 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcpc1406191
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Centor RM et al The Clinical Presentation of Fusobacterium-Positive and Streptococcal-Positive Pharyngitis in a University Health Clinic: A Cross-sectional Study. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(4):241-247 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25686164 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2118593
    Linder JA Sore Throat: Avoid Overcomplicating the Uncomplicated Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(4):311-312 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25686170 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2118605
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Barbee LA et al A History Lesson. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:1360-1364. April 2, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830427 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcps1308900
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Harris AM, Hicks LA, Qaseem A et al Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Advice for High-Value Care From the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. Published online 19 January 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785402 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2481815
  21. ↑ Weber R. Pharyngitis. Prim Care. 2014 Mar;41(1):91-8. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24439883
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Hersh AL et al. Frequency of first-line antibiotic selection among US ambulatory care visits for otitis media, sinusitis, and pharyngitis. JAMA Intern Med 2016 Oct 24 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27775770
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Hayward GN, Hay AD, Moore MV et al Effect of Oral Dexamethasone Without Immediate Antibiotics vs Placebo on Acute Sore Throat in Adults. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017;317(15):1535-1543 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28418482 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2618622
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Sadeghirad B, Siemieniuk RAC, Brignardello-Petersen R et al Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2017;358:j3887 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28931508 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j3887
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Little P, Stuart B, Wingrove Z et al Probiotic capsules and xylitol chewing gum to manage symptoms of pharyngitis: a randomized controlled factorial trial. CMAJ December 18, 2017 189 (50) E1543-E1550; <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255098 <Internet> http://www.cmaj.ca/content/189/50/E1543
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 Sinert RH Fast Five Quiz: Pharyngitis (Sore Throat). Medscape. December 14, 2022 https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/984986
    Acerra JR, Taylor P, III Pharyngitis (image) Medscape. April 6, 2022 https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/764304-overview
  27. ↑ Klein MR. Infections of the oropharynx. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2019;37:69-80. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30454781
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