lipid rafts; detergent-insoluble glycolipid-rich domains (DIGs); glycolipid-enriched membranes (GEMs); low-density Triton-insoluble (LDTI) complexes
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Introduction
Cholesterol-rich microdomains in the exoplasmic leaflet of the membrane bilayer. Plasma membrane lipid rafts consist of clusters of about 20 proteins & ~3500 sphingolipid molecules. They are about 50 nm in diameter, but may aggregate into the um range by receptor activation or bivalent antibodies against raft- associated surface antigens. Lipid rafts may also occur in the GOLGI.
Function
- vesicular trafficking
- signal transduction
- compartment for APP gamma-secretase
- formation of caveolae
Constituents
- lipids
- proteins
- integral membrane proteins
- glypiated proteins (exoplasmic face)
- cytoplasmic face (proteins modified with alphipatic groups)
- scavenger receptors
- tyrosine kinase receptors
- endothelin receptor
- neuronal lipid rafts[5]
* substrate (APP#) & enzymes (APP gamma-secretase & BACE1) present in neuronal lipid rafts. beta-Peptide (dimers) may accumulate in neuronal lipid rafts in mouse-model for Alzheimer's disease. apoE & phosphorylated tau found associated with the lipid rafts after appearance of beta-peptide.[5]
# most APP is not within lipid rafts
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
- advanced glycosylation end product [AGE] receptor (AGER, RAGE)
- alkaline phosphatase
- CD36; platelet glycoprotein 4; platelet glycoprotein IV; GPIV; glycoprotein IIIb; GPIIIB; leukocyte differentiation antigen CD36; PAS IV; PAS-4; platelet collagen receptor; fatty acid translocase; FAT; Thrombospondin receptor (GP3B, GP4)
- CD90; thy-1 membrane glycoprotein; thy-1 antigen; CDw90 (THY1)
- cholesterol
- endothelin receptor
- epidermal growth factor receptor; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ErbB-1 (EGFR, ERBB1, HER1)
- flotillin
- folate receptor or folate-binding protein
- G-protein
- ganglioside
- glypiated protein
- H-ras proto-oncogene protein (Harvey ras, p21Hras, Ha-ras)
- insulin receptor; IR; (INSR)
- NO synthase-3 (endothelial NO synthase, NOS3, ENOS)
- platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF] receptor
- sphingomyelin
- src proto-oncogene protein family
References
- ↑ Galbiati et al, Cell 106:403, 2001 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11525727
- ↑ Simon & Toomre, Nature Reviews 1:31, 2000 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11413487
- ↑ Marx J. Science 294:1862, 2001
- ↑ Nebl T et al, JBC 277(45):43399 2002 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202484
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kawarabayashi T et al, J Neurosci 24(15):3801, 2004 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15084661