Camellia sinensis (green & black tea)
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Introduction
Both green & black tea are derived from Camellia sinensis. Green tea is simply dried. Black tea is processed to achieve different properties.
Adverse effects
- tea extracts containing large amounts of catechins may be hepatotoxic
- hot or burning hot tea daily + smoking increases risk of esophageal cancer 56%[27]
- hot or burning hot tea daily + > 1 alcoholic beverage/day increases risk of eosphageal cancer 2-fold
- hot or burning hot tea daily + smoking & drinking increases risk of esophageal cancer 5 fold[27]
Drug interactions
- catechins* inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptides
- catechins in green tea increase levels of simvastatin & decrease levels of rosuvastatin[30]
* constituent of green tea
- drug interaction(s) of MAO inhibitor with caffeine
- drug interaction(s) of methotrexate with caffeine
Mechanism of action
- constituents
- catechins (flavan-3-ols) (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
- much higher in green tea than black tea[21]
- polyphenols
- caffeine:
- catechins (flavan-3-ols) (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
- effects
- anticarcinogenic properties (experimental models)
- skin, lung, oral, esophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas, breast[12]
- green tea may provide prophylaxis for prostate cancer[16]
- no benefit for prevention of colorectal carcinoma[19]
- green tea without benefit for prevention of breast cancer[20]
- cardiovascular benefits
- diminishes total cholesterol[9]
- no effect on serum triglycerides or HDL cholesterol
- antiplatelet activity[14]
- diminishes mortality (see Ohsaki study)[17]
- >= 1 cup of green or black tea/day reduces cardiovascular risk (RR=0.7)[24]
- green tea, but not black tea may reduce risk for coronary artery disease[25]
- regular tea drinking >= 1 cup/day is associated with slower progression of coronary artery calcium & a reduction in cardiovascular events[26]
- antioxidant effects
- may attenuate oxidation of LDL[10]
- may attenuate beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity[11]
- inhibits MPTP induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration[15]
- increases 24 hour energy expenditure[7]
- antiviral properties[8]
- inhibits fatty acid synthase[13]
- may reduce incidence of dementia
- 1-6 cups of tea/day may reduce risk of Alzheimer's disease 16-19% & reduce risk of vascular dementia 25-29%[29]
- both green & black tea (>= 2 cups/day) lower all-cause mortality[31]
- green tea may be protective against leukocyte telomere shortening[32]
- anticarcinogenic properties (experimental models)
More general terms
Additional terms
Component of
Components
References
- ↑ Wang E et al Biochem, Biophys Res Commun 297:412, 2002
- ↑ Gupta SK et al, Ophthalmic Res 34:258 2002
- ↑ Chen PC et al, Inflammation 26:233, 2002
- ↑ Kinjo J et al, Biol Pharm Bull 25:1238, 2002
- ↑ Gupta et al, Mutation Res 512:37, 2002
- ↑ Skizydlewska E et al, Phytomedicine 9:232, 2002
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bell SJ & Goodrick GK, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 42:163, 2002
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fassina B et al, AIDS 16:939, 2002
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Tokunaga S et al, Ann Epidemiol 12:157, 2002
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kasaoka S et al, J Nutr Biochem 13:96, 2002
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Choi YT et al Lif Sci 70:603, 2002
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Yang CS et al, Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 42:25, 2002
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Wang X & Tian W, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 288:1200, 2001
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kang WS et al, J Cardiovac Pharmacol 38:875, 2001
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Levites Y et al, J Neurochem 78:1072, 2001
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Prescriber's Letter 13(11): 2006 Health Benefits of Drinking Green Tea Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=221109&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Medline Plus Green tea prevents prostate cancer http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_24219.html
- ↑ Kuriyama S et al, Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer and all causes in Japan. The Ohsaka Study. JAMA 2006, 296:1255 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968850
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Sun CL et al Green tea, black tea and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Carcinogenesis. 2006 Jul;27(7):1310-5. Epub 2005 Nov 25. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311246
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Michels KB et al Diet and breast cancer: a review of the prospective observational studies. Cancer. 2007 Jun 15;109(12 Suppl):2712-49. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17503428
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Physician's First Watch, Dec 23, 2013 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
O'Connor A Spike in Harm to Liver Is Tied to Dietary Aids. New York Times. Dec 21, 2013 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/22/us/spike-in-harm-to-liver-is-tied-to-dietary-aids.html?_r=0 - ↑ Prescriber's Letter 21(3): 2014 (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Clement Y. Can green tea do that? A literature review of the clinical evidence. Prev Med. 2009 Aug-Sep;49(2-3):83-7. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465043
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Hand L Moderate Tea Drinking Tea May Slow CAC Progression, Cut CV Event Risk: MESA. Medscape. Sep 23, 2016 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/869038
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Barclay L Green, but not black, tea may reduce risk for CAD. Medscape. Jan 28, 2011 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/790815
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Miller PE, Zhao D, Frazier-Wood AC et al. Associations of coffee, tea, and caffeine intake with coronary artery calcification and cardiovascular events. Am J Med 2017 Feb; 130:188 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27640739 <Internet> http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(16)30925-1/abstract
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Yu C, Tang H, Guo Y et al Effect of Hot Tea Consumption and Its Interactions With Alcohol and Tobacco Use on the Risk for Esophageal Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2018. Feb 6. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29404576 <Internet> http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2671921/effect-hot-tea-consumption-its-interactions-alcohol-tobacco-use-risk
Kamangar F, Freedman ND Hot Tea and Esophageal Cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2018. Feb 6. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29404600 <Internet> http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2671922/hot-tea-esophageal-cancer - ↑ 28.0 28.1 Mayo Clinic Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/caffeine/art-20049372
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Hu HY, Wu BS, Ou YN et al Tea consumption and risk of incident dementia: A prospective cohort study of 377,392 UK Biobank participants. Transl Psychiatry, 2022, 12, 171 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35474192 PMCID: PMC9042826 Free PMC article
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2022
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Worcester S Drinking Tea Linked to Health Benefits, Lower Risk of Dying. Medscape August 29, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/979925
Inoue-Choi M, Ramirez Y, Cornelis MC et al Tea Consumption and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the UK Biobank. A Prospective Cohort Study. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2022. August 30 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36037472 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M22-0041 - ↑ 32.0 32.1 Sohn I, Shin C, Baik I Associations of green tea, coffee, and soft drink consumption with longitudinal changes in leukocyte telomere length. Scientific Reports. 2023. 13:492 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36627320 PMCID: PMC9832020 Free PMC article https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26186-y