low FODMAP diet

Indications

• FODMAP-sensitive irritable bowel syndrome

Management

• low FODMAP diet leads to clinical response in 50%-80% of patients with IBS-D, in particular with improvements in bloating, flatulence, & diarrhea
• low FODMAP diet leads to profound changes in intestinal flora, the duration & clinical relevance are unknown
• low FODMAP foods
  • eggs, firm tofu, tempeh, meat, poultry & seafood (marinated with lemon juice & olive oil, black pepper or Italian herbs)
  • certain cheese: brie, cheddar, feta, hard cheeses, lactose-free dairy
  • almonds & almond milk, soy milk made from soy protein, walnuts, peanuts, pumpkin seeds, macadamia nuts
  • grains: rice quinoa, oats, corn, sourdough spelt bread
  • vegetables: eggplant, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, green beans, bok choy, bell pepper, carrots, lettuce
  • fruits: grapes, oranges, strawberries, blueberries, pineapple, cantaloupe, kiwifruit, mandarin
  • dark chocolate, maple syryp, sucrose

Notes

• FODMAPs in
  • wheat, rye, & legumes onions, garlic, which are rich in oligosaccharides (fructans)
    • brussel spouts, asparagus
  • dairy products rich in lactose
    • milk, condensed milk, evaporated milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, custard
  • fruits & vegetables with high fructose content
    • apples, mango, pear, watermelon, asparagus, arichokes, fruit juices, dried fruit, high-fructose corn syrup, honey
  • fruits, vegetables, & artificial sweeteners high in mannitol or sorbitol
  • polyols: apples, apricots, lychee, pears, peaches, plums, cauliflower, mushrooms, snow peas
  • galatans: chickpeas, legumes, lentils, pistachio, cashews
  • a low FODMAP diet is a low gluten diet, but not a gluten-free diet

More general terms

• diet

Additional terms

• FODMAP (Fermentable, Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides, & Polyols)
• irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)