soy bean (Tofu, Tempe)
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Introduction
The bean of the climbing herb Glycine soja. Same family as peanut.* About 10% of people allergic to peanuts are also allergic to soy.
Contains:
- rich in protein
- little carbohydrate
- lipids omega-6:omega-3 ratio is about 7:1
- isoflavones*
- phytoestrogens
Indications
- cardiovascular risk reduction
- FDA may revoke claim based on inconsistent effects on lowering of LDL cholesterol[10]
- may improve systolic & diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension*[4][6] (benefit < 15 mm Hg), effect on blood pressure controversial[5]
- may be helpful for weight reduction[5]
- fermented soy but not total soy associated with increased longevity (up to 10%)[11]
* reviewer suggests protein per se vs carbohydrate rather than soy may account for findings
Contraindications
- NOT effective for hot flashes in women with breast cancer[2]
- may improve lipid profile is men & premenopausal women, but not postmenopausal women[3]
- may NOT improve bone density in women > 60 year of age[3]
- does NOT seem do improve cognitive function or delay onset of dementia in older women[3]
- tofu may be associated with worse memory in elderly men & women, but tempe may have the opposite effect[7]
- does not lower LDL significantly (3%)[5]
Adverse effects
- may stimulate breast cancer growth[3]
- hypogonadism with erectile dysfunction associated with low serum testosterone & low free testosterone (case report in a 19 year old man with type 1 diabetes)[8]
- 2017 multi-state outbreak of E coli O157:H7 associated with soy nut butter[9]
* also see isoflavones
Drug interactions
- may inhibit effectiveness of tamoxifen
Test interactions
- may inhibit thyroid hormone production & increase serum TSH
More general terms
Additional terms
Components
References
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 9(5):28 2002
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Prescriber's Letter 9(6):34 2002
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Prescriber's Letter 11(9): 2004 Soy for Preventing Aging Effects in Older Women Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=200914&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
Kreijkamp-Kaspers S et al Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on cognitive function, bone mineral density, and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292:65-74. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15238592
Henderson VW et al. Long-term soy isoflavone supplementation and cognition in women: A randomized, controlled trial. Neurology 2012 Jun 5; 78:1841. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22665144 - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Journal Watch 25(17):136, 2005 He J, Gu D, Wu X, Chen J, Duan X, Chen J, Whelton PK. Effect of soybean protein on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jul 5;143(1):1-9. Summary for patients in: Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jul 5;143(1):I11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998749
Cutler JA, Obarzanek E. Nutrition and blood pressure: is protein one link? Toward a strategy of hypertension prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jul 5;143(1):74-5. No abstract available. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15998756 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Prescriber's Letter 13(3): 2006 Soy and Cardiovascular Health Insulin For Oral Inhalation (Exubera) Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=220306&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Welty FK, Effect of soy nuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive, and normotensive postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:1060
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hogervorst E et al, High tofu intake is associated with worse memory in elderly Indonesian men and women. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;26(1):50-7. Epub 2008 Jun 27. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18583909
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Siepmann T et al Hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction associated with soy product consumption. Nutrition. 2011 Jul-Aug;27(7-8):859-62. Epub 2011 Feb 25 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21353476
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to I.M. Healthy Brand SoyNut Butter. Posted March 7, 2017 https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2017/o157h7-03-17/index.html
FDA Safety Alert. March 7, 2017 The Soynut Butter Co Expands Recall to All I.M. Healthy Soynut Butters And I.M. Healthy Granola Because of Possible Health Risk. https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm545368.htm - ↑ 10.0 10.1 FDA Statement. Oct 30, 2017 Statement from Susan Mayne, Ph.D., on proposal to revoke health claim that soy protein reduces risk of heart disease. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm582744.htm
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Katagiri R et al. Association of soy and fermented soy product intake with total and cause specific mortality: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020 Jan 29; 368:m34 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31996350 https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m34