bone mineral density (BMD)

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Introduction

Also see screening for osteoporosis.

Indications

screening interval

Contraindications

* repeat DEXA is useful in predicting fracture risk[10]

  • ref[10] recommends repeat DEXA 2-3 years after initiating therapy, then again at 5 years

* repeat DEXA measurements do not improve fracture prediction in men[12]

* DEXA before & during teriparatide not useful for assessing response to therapy or revision of fracture risk[1]

Clinical significance

* inhaled steroids do not affect BMD in postmenopausal women[3]

* polymorphisms in IL-6 gene influence BMD

Methods

Bone mineral density measurements:

Interpretation

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2022
    Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
  2. Iris Cantor - UCLA Women's Health Center Osteoporosis Evaluation
  3. 3.0 3.1 Journal Watch 23(6):49, 2003 Elmstahl S et al Is there an association between inhaled corticosteroids and bone density in postmenopausal women? J Allergy Clin Immunol 111:91, 2003 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532102
  4. 4.0 4.1 Fernandez-Garcia D et al Thin healthy women have a similar low bone mass to women with anorexia nervosa. Br J Nutr 2009 Mar 23; [e-pub ahead of print] <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302720 <Internet> http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509274733
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bell KJL Value of routine monitoring of bone mineral density after starting bisphosphonate treatment: secondary analysis of trial data BMJ 2009;338:b2266 http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/338/jun23_2/b2266
  6. 6.0 6.1 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Annals of Internal Medicine, January 17, 2011 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21242341 <Internet> http://www.annals.org/content/early/2011/01/13/0003-4819-154-5-201103010-00307.full
  7. 7.0 7.1 Gourlay ML et al. Bone-density testing interval and transition to osteoporosis in older women. N Engl J Med 2012 Jan 19; 366:225 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22256806
  8. 8.0 8.1 Berry SD et al Repeat Bone Mineral Density Screening and Prediction of Hip and Major Osteoporotic Fracture. JAMA. 2013;310(12):1256-1262. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065012 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1741821
  9. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 9th edition (GRS9) Medinal-Walpole A, Pacala JT, Porter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2016
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Leslie WD, Majumdar SR, Morin SN et al Change in Bone Mineral Density Is an Indicator of Treatment- Related Antifracture Effect in Routine Clinical Practice: A Registry-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Oct 4;165(7):465-472. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27428723 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2534408
  11. 11.0 11.1 Crandall CJ et al. Serial bone density measurement and incident fracture risk discrimination in postmenopausal women. JAMA Intern Med 2020 Jul 27 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32730575 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2768888
  12. 12.0 12.1 Ensrud KE et al. Repeat bone mineral density screening measurement and fracture prediction in older men: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 Aug 18; 107:e3877. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35587517 https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/107/9/e3877/6589466