bone
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Characteristics
- hard connective tissue consisting of cells embedded in a mineralized matrix containing collagen.
- the matrix is largely hydroxyapatite with substantial amounts of carbonate, citrate, Na+ & Mg+2.
- 75% of bone by weight is inorganic; 25% is organic. 95% of collagen in bone is type 1 collagen.
- bone consists of a dense outer layer of compact or cortical substance covered by periosteum & an inner loose spongy substance
- the central portion of long bones & others (including the sacrum & sternum) is filled with marrow
⧼aaushi-heading-development⧽
- during development, the epiphysis is separated by cartilage & develops separately from the diaphysis
- the epiphysis eventually fuses with the diaphysis to form a complete bone
Notes
- in humans, there are 200 distinct bones in the skeleton, not including the auditory ossicles or the sesamoid bones other than the 2 patellas
More general terms
More specific terms
- calcaneus (heel bone)
- cancellous, spongy, or trabecular bone (substantia spongiosa)
- carpal bone
- clavicle (collar bone)
- coccyx
- compact bone
- cuboid bone (cuboideum)
- epiphysial (growth) plate
- ethmoid bone
- femur
- fibula
- frontal bone
- hip bone
- humerus
- hyoid bone
- ilium
- incisive bone; intermaxilla/premaxilla; intermaxillary/premaxillary bone
- intermediate cuneiform bone (tarsal triquetrum, 2nd cuneiform)
- ischium
- lacrimal bone
- lateral cuneiform bone (3rd cuneiform)
- mandible (lower jaw bone, submaxilla)
- maxilla (upper jaw bone)
- medial cuneiform bone (1st cuneiform)
- metacarpal bone
- metatarsal bone
- nasal bone
- nasal concha; nasal turbinate
- navicular bone
- occipital bone
- palatine bone
- parietal bone
- pars interarticularis
- phalanx (phalanges)
- pterygoid fovea
- pubis
- radius
- rib
- sacrum
- scapula
- sesamoid bone
- skull (cranium)
- sphenoid bone
- sternal body
- sternebra
- sternum
- sutural bone
- talus (ankle bone)
- tarsal bone
- temporal bone
- tibia
- ulna
- vertebra
- vomer
- zygomatic bone; zygoma; malar bone
Additional terms
- bone disease; osteopathia
- bone mineral density (BMD)
- diaphysis (shaft)
- ear ossicle
- epiphysis
- hydroxyapatite
- osteocyte
- osteophyte (bone spur)
- periosteum
- skeleton (skeletal system)
Components
References
- ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
- ↑ Bones, Joints and Muscles http://health.nih.gov/search.asp/2