citrate (citric acid)
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Uses
- preservative
- food additive
- adds an acidic, or sour, taste to foods & soft drinks
Function
- intermediary metabolite in the citric acid cycle
- formed from oxaloacetate via citrate synthase
- enzyme: citrate synthase
- substrates: oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA
- products: citrate + Coenzyme-A
- metabolized to isocitrate by aconitase-mt
- enzyme: aconitase-mt
- substrate: citrate
- product: isocitrate
* see citric acid cycle for role of citrate in citric acid cycle
Notes
- present in fruits & vegetables, especially citrus fruits
- lemons & limes have the highest concentration
- as much as 8% of dry weight
- ~ 47 g/L in the juices[2]
- oranges & grapefruit have much less citric acid than lemons & limes (< 0.2% citric acid by dry weight)
More general terms
More specific terms
- bismuth citrate
- bismuth potassium citrate
- calcium citrate (Citracal)
- ferric citrate (Auryxia)
- ferric pyrophosphate citrate (Triferic)
- hydroxycitrate
- lithium citrate
- magnesium citrate (citrate of magnesia)
- potassium citrate (Urocit K)
- zinc citrate
Additional terms
- citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle
- sodium citrate/citric acid (Bicitra)
Component of
- citric acid/lactic acid/potassium bitartrate (Phexxi, Evofem)
- citrate/sodium chloride
- citrate/simethicone/sodium bicarbonate
- citrate/lactic acid/potassium bitartrate
- bisacodyl/citrate/magnesium carbonate/potassium citrate/suppository
- cellulose/citric acid (Plenity)
- citrate/ropivacaine/sufentanil
- citrate/potassium nitrate/sodium monofluorophosphate
- citrate/pheniramine/phenylpropanolamine/phenyltoloxamine/pyrilamine
- citrate/hyoscyamine/phenyltoloxamine
- citrate/glucose
- citrate/gluconolactone/magnesium carbonate
- citrate/diphenhydramine/pseudoephedrine
- citrate/dextromethorphan/guaifenesin/pyrilamine
- citrate/dextromethorphan/guaifenesin
- chlorpheniramine/citrate/phenylephrine/phenyltoloxamine
- carbetapentane/citrate/pseudoephedrine/pyrilamine
- carbetapentane/citrate/pseudoephedrine
- carbetapentane/citrate/guaifenesin/phenylephrine
- carbetapentane/citrate/guaifenesin
- carbetapentane/citrate/dexchlorpheniramine/phenylephrine
- bupivacaine/citrate/sufentanil
- bisacodyl/citrate/magnesium carbonate/potassium citrate
- aspirin/citrate/diphenhydramine/nov protein
- ascorbate/citrate/pyridoxine
- acetaminophen/citrate/phenyltoloxamine/salicylamide
- acetaminophen/citrate/phenyltoloxamine
- acetaminophen/citrate/diphenhydramine
- acetaminophen/caffeine/citrate/phenyltoloxamine/salicylamide
- citrate/magnesium oxide/sodium picosulfate (Prepopik)
- calcium chloride/citrate/magnesium chloride/potassium chloride/sodium acetate/sodium chloride
- citrate/hyoscyamine
- citrate/fructose/glucose
- citrate/diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
- citrate/potassium citrate (Polycitra K)
- citrate/sodium bicarbonate
- citrate/potassium bicarbonate/sodium bicarbonate
- citrate/guaifenesin
- aspirin/caffeine/citrate/orphenadrine
- aspirin/citrate/sodium bicarbonate
- acetaminophen/citrate
- acetaminophen/caffeine/citrate
- acetaminophen/caffeine/citrate/salicylamide
- acetaminophen/citrate/salicylamide
- citrate/guaifenesin/phenylephrine
- aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer)
- acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD)
- sodium citrate/citric acid (Bicitra)
- Renacidin (Hemiacidrin, citric acid & d-gluconic acid irrigant)
- bismuth citrate/ranitidine (Tritec)
- pharmaceutical agents containing citrate
References
- ↑ Wikipedia: Citric acid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Penniston KL Quantitative assessment of citric acid in lemon juice, lime juice, and commercially-available fruit juice products. J Endourol. 2008 Mar;22(3):567-70. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18290732