artificial sweetener

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[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

Pharmacokinetics

  • not absorbed
  • eliminated in feces

Adverse effects

Notes

  • Artificial sweeteners are regulated by the FDA.
  • no scientific evidence that artificial sweeteners are a health risk for most people
    • not sure this is true (see adverse effects above)
    • no evidence that the regulated artificial sweeteners on the US market are related to cancer risk in humans
    • in contrast, health risks of excessive calorie consumption are well substantiated
  • no clinically-relevant benefits for most health care outcomes[7]
    • benefits of reduced calories in artificial sweeteners only realized if total calorie intake is reduced[1]
  • use of artificial sweeteners may facilitate reduction in sugar intake & thus in total calorie intake[1]
  • potential benefit in glycemic control[1]
  • artificial sweetners are not associated with reduced BMI[5]
  • artificially-sweetened beverages are aviable alternative to water as a replacement strategy in overweight or obese adults at risk for or with diabetes mellitus[10]

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS et al Nonnutritive sweeteners: current use and health perspectives: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Circulation 2012 Jul 24;126(4):509-19. [58 references] <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777177 <Internet> http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/07/09/CIR.0b013e31825c42ee (corresponding NGC guideline withdrawn Dec 2017)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018, 2023
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Suez J et al. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. Nature 2014 Oct 9; 514:181 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25231862
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wersching H, Gardener H, Sacco RL Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages in Relation to Stroke and Dementia. Are Soft Drinks Hard on the Brain? Stroke April 20, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428347 <Internet> http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2017/04/20/STROKEAHA.117.017198
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Azad MB, Abou-Setta AM, Chauhan BF et al Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. CMAJ July 17, 2017 vol. 189 no. 28 E929-E939 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716847 <Internet> http://www.cmaj.ca/content/189/28/E929
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Monaco K Artificial Sweeteners Impact Metabolic Health Even on Cellular Level. Not as healthy as consumers may think, researcher says. MedPage Today. March 20, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/endo/71882
    Kundu N, et al Sucralose promotes metabolic dysregulation and intracellular ROS accumulation. The Endocrine Society Annual Meeting (ENDO) 2018; Abstract SUN-071.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Toews I, Lohner S, de Gaudry DK et al Association between intake of non-sugar sweeteners and health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ 2019;364:k4718 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30602577 Free full text https://www.bmj.com/content/364/bmj.k4718
    Malik VS Non-sugar sweeteners and health BMJ 2019;364:k5005 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30606710 https://www.bmj.com/content/364/bmj.k5005
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Kamensky V, Manson JE et al Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative. Stroke. 2019 Mar;50(3):555-562. Published online: Feb 14, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30802187 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023100
    Gardener H, Elkind MSV Artificial Sweeteners, Real Risks Stroke. Mar;50(3):549-551. Published online: Feb 14, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30760171 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.024456
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Chazelas E et al. Sugary drinks, artificially-sweetened beverages, and cardiovascular disease in the NutriNet-Sante cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 Nov 3; 76:2175. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33121725 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0735109720365967
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 McGlynn ND, Khan KA, Wang L et al Association of Low- and No-Calorie Sweetened Beverages as a Replacement for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages With Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e222092. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35285920 Free article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2790045
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Debras C, Chazelas E, Srour B et al Artificial sweeteners and cancer risk: Results from the NutriNet-Sante population-based cohort study. PLOS Medicine. 2022. Mar 24;19(3):e1003950 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35324894 PMCID: PMC8946744 Free PMC article https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003950
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Debras C, Chazelas E, Sellem L et al Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Sante cohort. BMJ 2022;378:e071204 Sept 7 Not indexed in PubMed https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2022-071204
  13. ↑ Artificial Sweeteners http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/3_19.htm
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