overweight

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Introduction

A term used in reference to individuals with body mass index (BMI)* 26-29 kg/m2

* ideal body weight corresponds to a BMI of 22-25 kg/m2; obesity corresponds to a BMI of > 30 kg/m2

Etiology

  • risk factors
    • see obesity
    • exposure to antibiotics in the first 6 months of life or repeatedly during infancy (conflicting reports)[4]

Epidemiology

  • fewer overweight people trying to lose weight 1988-2014[13]

Diagnostic procedures

* indicator of risk for metabolic syndrome[8]

Complications

Management

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration. Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1.8 million participants. The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 22 November 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269108 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2961836-X/abstract
  2. 2.0 2.1 Flint E et al. Associations between active commuting, body fat, and body mass index: Population based, cross sectional study in the United Kingdom. BMJ 2014 Aug 19; 349:g4887 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25139861 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g4887
  3. 3.0 3.1 Arnold M et al Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study. The Lancet Oncology, Early Online Publication, 26 November 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25467404 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2814%2971123-4/abstract
    Cairns BJ The Lancet Oncology, Early Online Publication, 26 November 2014 Cancer and high body-mass index: global burden, global effort? <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25467405 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2814%2970373-0/fulltext
  4. 4.0 4.1 Saari A et al. Antibiotic exposure in infancy and risk of being overweight in the first 24 months of life. Pediatrics 2015 Apr; 135:617. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25825533 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/135/4/617
    Gerber JS, Bryan M, Ross RK et al Antibiotic Exposure During the First 6 Months of Life and Weight Gain During Childhood. JAMA. 2016;315(12):1258-1265. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27002447 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2504812
  5. 5.0 5.1 Berge JM et al Parent/Adolescent Weight Status Concordance and Parent Feeding Practices. Pediatrics. Aug 24, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304822 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/08/18/peds.2015-0326
  6. 6.0 6.1 Niedermaier T et al Body mass index, physical activity, and risk of adult meningioma and glioma. Neurology. September 16, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377253 <Internet> http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2015/09/16/WNL.0000000000002020
  7. 7.0 7.1 Twig G, Yaniv G, Levine H et al Body-Mass Index in 2.3 Million Adolescents and Cardiovascular Death in Adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 13. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074389
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
  9. Rucker D, Padwal R, Li SK, Curioni C, Lau DC. Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007 Dec 8;335(7631):1194-9. Epub 2007 Nov 15. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006966 Free PMC Article
  10. Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM et al 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jul 1;63(25 Pt B):2985-3023. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239920 Free Article
  11. 11.0 11.1 The Global BMI Mortality Collaboration Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant- data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. July 13, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27423262 Free Article <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30175-1/abstract
  12. Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:254-266. January 19, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099824 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1514009
  13. 13.0 13.1 Snook KR, Hansen AR, Duke CH et al Change in Percentages of Adults With Overweight or Obesity Trying to Lose Weight, 1988-2014. JAMA. 2017;317(9):971-973. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28267846 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2608211
  14. 14.0 14.1 Yu E, Ley SH, Manson JE et al Weight History and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Three Prospective Cohort Studies. Ann Intern Med. April 4, 2017. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384755 <Internet> http://annals.org/aim/article/2615810/weight-history-all-cause-cause-specific-mortality-three-prospective-cohort
    Despres JP Overweight: The Body Mass Index Category With an Identity Crisis. Ann Intern Med. April 4, 2017. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384686 <Internet> http://annals.org/aim/article/2615812/overweight-body-mass-index-category-identity-crisis
  15. 15.0 15.1 Boutelle KN, Rhee KE, Liang J et al Effect of Attendance of the Child on Body Weight, Energy Intake, and Physical Activity in Childhood Obesity Treatment. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. Published online May 30, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28558104 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2629358