FODMAP (Fermentable, Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides, & Polyols)
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Introduction
Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols.
- fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates, including:
- high FODMAP foods[7][8]
- dairy-based milk, yogurt, ice cream, soy milk made from whole soy beans, custard
- wheat, rye & barley-based cereal, bread, crackers, snacks
- beans & lentils
- some marinated meat, poultry, seafood, processed meats
- some vegetables: artichokes, asparagus, cauliflower, green peas, sugar snap peas, mushrooms, onions, garlic, brussel sprouts
- some fruits: apples & apple juice, cherries, pears, peaches, nectarines, mango, plums, watermelon
- high fructose corn syrup, honey, sugar-free candy
- nuts: cashews, pistachios
- low FODMAP foods[7][8]
- eggs, firm tofu, tempeh, meat, poultry & seafood (marinated with lemon juice & olive oil, black pepper or Italian herbs)
- certain cheese: brie, cheddar, feta, hard cheeses, lactose-free dairy
- almonds & almond milk, soy milk made from soy protein, walnuts, peanuts, pumpkin seeds, macadamia nuts
- grains: rice quinoa, oats, corn, sourdough spelt bread
- vegetables: eggplant, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, green beans, bok choy, bell pepper, carrots, lettuce
- fruits: grapes, oranges, strawberries, blueberries, pineapple, cantaloupe, kiwifruit, mandarin
- dark chocolate, maple syryp, sucrose,
Pathology
- diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)[3][4]
- may be culprit in gluten sensitivity without celiac disease
- patients with irritable bowel syndrome who report gluten sensitivity may be sensitive to FODMAPs
Management
- low FODMAP diet[2]
- low FODMAP diet leads to clinical response in 50%-80% of patients with IBS-D, in particular with improvements in bloating, flatulence, & diarrhea[4]
- low FODMAP diet leads to profound changes in intestinal flora, the duration & clinical relevance are unknown[4]
- low FODMAP diet superior to antispasmodic agent for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)[6]
Notes
More general terms
Additional terms
Components
References
- ↑ Biesiekierski JR et al. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology 2013 Aug; 145:320 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23648697
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Halmos EP1, Power VA2, Shepherd SJ2, Gibson PR3, Muir JG3 A Diet Low in FODMAPs Reduces Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):67-75.e5. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24076059
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Eswaran SL et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing the low FODMAP diet vs. modified NICE guidelines in US adults with IBS-D. Am J Gastroenterol 2016 Dec; 111:1824 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27725652
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Staudacher HM, Whelan K. The low FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS. Gut. 2017 Aug;66(8):1517-1527. Epub 2017 Jun 7. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28592442
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 18, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2018
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Carbone F et al. Diet or medication in primary care patients with IBS: The DOMINO study - a randomised trial supported by the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE Trials Programme) and the Rome Foundation Research Institute. Gut 2022 Nov; 71:2226. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35483886 PMCID: PMC9554021 Free PMC article https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/11/2226
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Galon Veloso J FODMAP Diet: What You Need to Know Johns Hopkins Medicine. Health https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/fodmap-diet-what-you-need-to-know
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Cleveland Clinic Low FODMAP diet https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22466-low-fodmap-diet
- ↑ The Low FODMAP Diet Stanford Hospital and Clinics http://stanfordhospital.org/digestivehealth/nutrition/DH-Low-FODMAP-Diet-Handout.pdf