garlic (Allium Sativum)
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Indications
(uses)
- hypertension
- does not significantly lower blood pressure[6]
- possibly effective, weak evidence[10]
- aged black garlic with S-allyl-L-cysteine lowers diastolic blood pressure (6 mm Hg), especially in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia[11]
- hyperlipidemia - does not lower LDL cholesterol[5]
- may reduce risk of some cancers[4]
Contraindications
- history of hypoglycemia
- anticoagulation therapy
- antiplatelet therapy
- thrombocytopenia
Dosage
Adverse effects
- garlic breath (halitosis)
- reports of bleeding with surgery
- hypoglycemia[7]
- GI upset, heartburn (pyrosis)[7]
Drug interactions
- may increase effects of anti-hyperlipidemic agents
- may increase effects of hypoglycemic agents
- may increase effects of antihypertensive agents
- anticoagulants in combination may increase risk of hemorrhage
- antiplatelet agents including NSAIDs[7]
- in vitro effects on platelet aggregation[8]
- garlic supplements may enhance metabolism & diminish saquinavir levels by 50%[2]
- other protease inhibitors, i.e. Agenerase, Crixivan, Norvir & Viracept may also interact with garlic
- may interact with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors[10]
- may interact with isoniazid[10]
Mechanism of action
- contains allicin which potentially
- inhibits angiotensin 2
- causes vasodiation
- but it does not significantly lower blood pressure[6]
- allegedly lowers cholesterol & triglycerides
- does not significantly lower total serum cholesterol[10]
- does not significantly lower LDL cholesterol[5]
- may have antibacterial & antifungal properties
- may have anti-thrombotic properties
- may have anti-inflammatory properties
- some anti-cancer properties
More general terms
Component of
References
- ↑ Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Pharmacy update
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Prescriber's Letter 8(3):17 2001
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 10(2):12 2003
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Prescriber's Letter 10(6):35 2003
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Prescriber's Letter 14(4): 2007 Garlic stinks at Lowering LDL Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=230409&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
Gardner CD et al, Effect of raw garlic supplements on plasma lipid concentrations in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:346 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17325296 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Prescriber's Letter 15(10): 2008 Garlic for Lowering Blood Pressure Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=241076&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Geriatrics at your Fingertips, 13th edition, 2011 Reuben DB et al (eds) American Geriatric Society
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Mohammed Abdul MI1, Jiang X, Williams KM et al Pharmacodynamic interaction of warfarin with cranberry but not with garlic in healthy subjects. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Aug;154(8):1691-700. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18516070
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Swift Yasgur B Aged Black Garlic Supplement May Help Lower BP. Medscape. April 15, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/972256
Valls RM, Companys J, Calderon-Perez L et al Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Moderate Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Sustainedand Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2022. Jan 18;14(3):405 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35276764 PMCID: PMC8838962 Free PMC article https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/405