histone deacetylase 9 (HD9, HD7B, HD7, histone deacetylase-related protein, MEF2-interacting transcription repressor MITR, HDAC9, HDAC7, HDAC7B,, HDRP KIAA0744, MITR)
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Function
- see histone deacetylase
- deacetylation of Lys on N-terminal part of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 & H4)
- represses MEF2-dependent transcription
- isoform 3, called MITR/HDRP, lacks active site residues & therefore is catalytically inactive
- represses MEF2-dependent transcription by recruiting HDAC1 &/or HDAC3
- seems to inhibit skeletal myogenesis & to be involved in heart development
- protects neurons from apoptosis, both by inhibiting c-Jun phosphorylation by MAPK10 & by repressing c-Jun transcription via HDAC1 recruitment to c-Jun promoter
- phosphorylated on Ser-220 & Ser-450, which
- promotes 14-3-3- binding
- impairs interaction with MEF2
- antagonizes antimyogenic activity
- phosphorylated on Ser-240, which impairs nuclear accumulation (putative)
- isoform 7 is phosphorylated on Tyr-1010
- phosphorylated on Tyr-1007 (probable)
- phosphorylated on Tyr-966 (probable)
- phosphorylated on Tyr-1010
- does not interact with ETV6
- sumoylated
- interacts with CTBP1
- phosphorylated form interacts with 14-3-3 (putative)
- interacts with HDAC1 & HDAC3, & probably with HDAC4 & HDAC5
- interacts with MEF2, MAPK10, ETV6, NCOR1 & BCL6
Inhibition:
- inhibited by trichostatin A (TSA) & suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
Structure
- homodimer
- belongs to the histone deacetylase family, type 2 subfamily
Compartment
Alternative splicing
Expression
- broadly expressed
- highest levels in brain, heart, muscle & testis
- isoform 3 is present in human bladder carcinoma cells (at protein level)
- chromosomal translocation t(1;7)(q41;p21) involving HDAC9 with TGFB2 is found in a family with Peters anomaly