14-3-3 protein (KCIP-1)

Introduction

The 14-3-3 family of proteins are highly conserved & found in a broad range of organisms, including higher eukaryotes

Function

• the protein 14-3-3 family is multifunctional & may represent a novel type of chaperone
• allegedly stimulates import of precursor proteins into the mitochondria
• interactions with other cellular proteins may be stabilizing in nature
• the beta & zeta isoforms of 14-3-3 interact with raf1 kinase & with protein kinase C
• 14-3-3 proteins activate tyrosine hydroxylase after it has been phosphorylated by CAM kinase II, perhaps through stabilization of the phosphorylated form of the enzyme
• the beta & zeta isoforms are presumably phosphorylated by proline-directed kinase(s) & the human T-cell isoform tau is phosphorylated on Ser by bcr

Structure

• the alpha & delta forms of 14-3-3 are phosphorylated forms of the beta & zeta isoforms, respectively

Compartment

• 14-3-3 family proteins are localized in neurons & are axonally transported to nerve terminals

Expression

• expressed in neurons
• stratifin or HME1 is a 14-3-3 family member found in human epithelial cells

Laboratory

• protein 14-3-3 in cerebrospinal fluid

More general terms

• oligomerizing protein
• phosphoprotein

More specific terms

• 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha; protein kinase C inhibitor protein 1; KCIP-1; protein 1054 (YWHAB)
• 14-3-3 protein epsilon; 14-3-3E (YWHAE)
• 14-3-3 protein eta; protein AS1 (YWHAH YWHA1)
• 14-3-3 protein gamma; protein kinase C inhibitor protein 1; KCIP-1 (YWHAG)
• 14-3-3 protein sigma; stratifin; epithelial cell marker protein 1 (SFN HME1)
• 14-3-3 protein theta; 14-3-3 protein tau; 14-3-3 protein T-cell; protein HS1 (YWHAQ)
• 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta; protein kinase C inhibitor protein 1; KCIP-1 (YWHAZ)