histone H3.1; H3/a; H3/b; H3/c; H3/d; H3/f; H3/h; H3/i; H3/j; H3/k; H3/l (HIST1H3A, H3FA, HIST1H3B, H3FL, HIST1H3C, H3FC, HIST1H3D, H3FB, HIST1H3E, H3FD, HIST1H3F, H3FI, HIST1H3G, H3FH, HIST1H3H, H3FK, HIST1H3I, H3FF, HIST1H3J, H3FJ)

Function

• core component of nucleosome
• acetylation is generally linked to gene activation
• acetylation of Lys-15
• acetylation on Lys-10 impairs methylation at Arg-9
• acetylation on Lys-19 & Lys-24 favors methylation at Arg-18
• citrullination at Arg-9 &/or Arg-18 by PADI4 impairs methylation & represses transcription
• asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 by CARM1 is linked to gene activation
• symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression
• methylation at Lys-5, Lys-37 & Lys-80 are linked to gene activation
• methylation at Lys-5 facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 & H4.
• methylation at Lys-80 is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses & is a specific target for TP53BP1
• methylation at Lys-10 & Lys-28 are linked to gene repression
• methylation at Lys-10 is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 & CBX5) & prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 & acetylation of H3 & H4
• methylation at Lys-5 & Lys-80 require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at Lys-120
• methylation at Lys-10 & Lys-28 are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin
• dimethylation of Lys-10
• phosphorylated at Thr-4 by GSG2/haspin during prophase & dephosphorylated during anaphase
• at centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 from prophase to early anaphase, probably by DAPK3 (putative) phosphorylation at Ser-11 by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation & cell-cycle progression during mitosis & meiosis
• in addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 by RPS6KA4 & RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation & result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos & c-jun
• phosphorylation at Ser-11, which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 but facilitates acetylation of H3 & H4
• phosphorylation at Ser-11 by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 & CBX5) from heterochromatin
• phosphorylation at Ser-1' is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation
• phosphorylated at Ser-29 by MLTK isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB
• during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation, ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex; this may weaken the interaction between histones & DNA & facilitate DNA accessibility to DNA repair proteins

Structure

belongs to the histone H3 family

Compartment

nucleus

Expression

• expressed during S phase
• expression strongly decreases as cell division slows down during the process of differentiation

Comparative biology

• only present in mammals & is

More general terms

• histone-H3

Database

• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P68431.html
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8350
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8351
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8352
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8353
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8354
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8355
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8356
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8357
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8358
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8968
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8350
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8351
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8352
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8353
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8354
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8355
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8356
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8357
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8358
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8968
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602810
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602811
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602812
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602813
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602814
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602815
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602816
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602817
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602818
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602819