skin aging (includes aging of skin appendages)

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Introduction

Also see dermatoheliosis.

Pathology

Age-related changes in skin

Age-related changes in skin appendages

Age-related skin lesions

The number of senescent fibroblasts* increases exponentially in the skin of aging baboons, reaching > 15% of all cells invery old individuals.[1]

* determined by:

Clinical manifestations

  • aged skin is thin & inelastic, tearing easily[15]
  • aged skin recovers more slowly from mechanical depression than younger skin
  • women have thinner skin then men
  • aged skin is dry, especially after frequent washing with
  • pigmentation is uneven due to melanocyte activation (melanosis) & inactivation (guttate hypomelanosis)
  • in genetically predisposed elderly:

* images[15]

Complications

Differential diagnosis

Management

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 Herbig U, Ferreira M, Condel L, Carey D, Sedivy JM. Cellular senescence in aging primates. Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1257. Epub 2006 Feb 2. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456035
  2. Gilchrest BA, Aging of the Skin, In: Principles of Geriatric Medicine, 4th ed,, Hazzard et al (eds), McGraw-Hill, NY, 1999, pg 573-602
  3. Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Freeman AK and Gordon M, Dermatologic diseases and problems, In: Geriatric Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach, 4th ed, Cassel CK et al (eds), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003
  4. Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Kafi R et al, Improvement of naturally-aged skin with vitamin A (retinol) Arch Dermatolo 2007, 143:606 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17515510
  5. Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 16, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018.
  6. Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 Quan T et al. Reduced expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) mediates collagen loss in chronologically aged human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2010 Feb; 130:415. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641518
  7. Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 Janson DG et al. Different gene expression patterns in human papillary and reticular fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2012 Nov; 132:2565 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696053
  8. Uitto J. The role of elastin and collagen in cutaneous aging: intrinsic aging versus photoexposure. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008 Feb;7(2 Suppl):s12-6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18404866
  9. Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. Skin aging: postulated mechanisms and consequent changes in structure and function. Clin Geriatr Med. 2001 Nov;17(4):617-30, v. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11535419
  10. Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013
  11. Jump up to: 11.0 11.1 Habib MA et al. Comparative immunohistochemical assessment of cutaneous cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme expression in chronological aging and photoaging. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2014 Feb; 30:43 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24393208
  12. Beer KR Combined treatment for skin rejuvenation and soft-tissue augmentation of the aging face. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Feb;10(2):125-32. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21283916
  13. Farage MA, Miller KW, Elsner P, Maibach HI. Characteristics of the Aging Skin. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2013 Feb;2(1):5-10. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24527317
  14. Farage MA, Miller KW, Berardesca E, Maibach HI. Clinical implications of aging skin: cutaneous disorders in the elderly. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009;10(2):73-86. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19222248
  15. Jump up to: 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 DermNet NZ. Ageing skin (images) http://www.dermnetnz.org/site-age-specific/ageing.html
  16. Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J, Sterry W et al Age-Associated Skin Conditions and Diseases: Current Perspectives and Future Options. Gerontologist. 2016 Apr;56 Suppl 2:S230-42. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26994263