androgen or anabolic steroid
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Clinical manifestations
- excessive muscle bulk
- secondary hypogonadism
Adverse effects
- use of products that contain synthetic anabolic steroids is associated with risk for hepatotoxicity[7]
- elevated blood hemoglobin & hematocrit
- excessive muscle bulk
- acne
- gynecomastia
- labile mood
- anxiety
- aggression
- decreased testicular volume (small testicles)
- exogenous testosterone may result in irreversible decline in spermatogenesis, infertility & permanent inability to produce endogenous testosterone[2]
- spontaneous tendon rupture
- long-term use of anabolic androgenic steroids may be linked to diminished MRI brain volume, including less overall gray matter, lower cerebral cortex & putamen volumes, & thinner cerbral cortex throughout the brain.[3]
- 3-fold higher 11-year risk for death in anabolic steroid users than in nonusers[6]
Laboratory
Mechanism of action
- enhances hepatic lipase
- suppression of gonadotropin hormones (FSH, LH) that stimulate testosterone secretion from the testes & maintain testicular function (& size)
Notes
- performance-enhancing selective androgen receptor modulators marketed on the internet contain amount of active compound matched that listed on the label in just 41% of products[4]
More general terms
More specific terms
- 11-hydroxyandrosterone; 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone
- 11-ketoandrosterone; 11-ketoetiocholanolone
- 7-keto dehydroepiandrosterone
- androstanediol; androstane-3,17-diol; 5-androstane-3,17-diol
- androstenedione
- androsterone
- conjugated estrogens (Premarin)/methyltestosterone Estratest
- danazol (Danocrine)
- dehydroepiandrosterone; prasterone (DHEA, Aslera, Intrarosa)
- epiandrosterone (isoandrosterone)
- etiocholanolone
- fluoxymesterone (Haloestin, Ora-Testryl)
- methyltestosterone (Android, Testred, Metandren, Oretan, Virilon)
- mibolerone
- nandrolone (Deca-Durabolin [decanoate], Durabolin [phenylpropionate])
- oxandrolone (Oxandrin)
- oxymetholone (Anadrol-50)
- stanolone; dihydrotestosterone (DHT); androstanolone; 5-alpha androstan-17-beta-ol-3-one
- stanozolol; androstanazol (Winstrol)
- stenbolone
- testosterone (Delatestryl Testopel, Striant, Intrinsa, Xyosted)
- trenbolone
Additional terms
- androgen excess (hyperandrogenism)
- androgen insufficiency (hypoandrogenism, testosterone deficiency)
- androgen receptor antagonist; androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI)
- androgen receptor; dihydrotestosterone receptor; nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 (AR, DHTR, NR3C4)
References
- ↑ FDA News Release. April 13, 2015 FDA warns consumers not to use muscle growth product called Tri-Methyl Xtreme http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm442494.htm
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bjornebekk A et al. Structural brain imaging of long term anabolic-androgenic steroid users and non-using weightlifters. Biol Psychiatry 2016 Jun 30; <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27616036 <Internet> http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(16)32529-X/abstract
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Van Wagoner RM, Eichner A, Bhasin S et al Chemical Composition and Labeling of Substances Marketed as Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators and Sold via the Internet. JAMA. 2017;318(20):2004-2010 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183075 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664459
Auchus RJ, Brower KJ. The Public Health Consequences of Performance-Enhancing Substances. Who Bears Responsibility? JAMA. 2017;318(20):1983-1984 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183050 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2664433 - ↑ NEJM Knowledge+ Endocrinology
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Windfeld-Mathiasen J, Heerfordt IM, Dalhoff KP, Andersen JT, Horwitz H Mortality among users of anabolic steroids. JAMA 2024 Mar 14; [e-pub] PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38483396 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2816584
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Nash E et al. Drug-induced liver injury from selective androgen receptor modulators, anabolic-androgenic steroids and bodybuilding supplements in Australia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024 Apr; 59:953-961. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38372012 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.17906