wrinkle; rhytide; rhytidosis facialis
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Introduction
A furrow, fold or crease in the skin.
Etiology
- photoaging
- perioral wrinkles associated with cigarette smoking
Pathology
- degeneration of dermal elastic tissue
- pathology of photoaging
Management
- tazarotene, 0.1% (Avage)[2]
- Botulinum toxin A for deep frown lines
- alpha-hydroxy acids exfoliate skin
- all-trans retinoic acid
- vitamin A, vitamin C & vitamin E are promoted for wrinkles
- no benefit of oral administration
- minimal benefit of topical administration[2]
- autologous fibroblasts as filler material[5]
- filling process occurs over several months since it takes time to produce endogenous collagen
- fractional laser resurfacing may be effective[8]
- focused ultrasound skin tightening is investigational[6]
- cryotherapy may be effective[9]
- consists of insertion of a probe tipped with 27-gauge needles cooled by a gas cylinder containing nitrous oxide
- temperature of proble is < -88 C
- cryotherapy induces temporary second-degree injury to the temporal branch of the facial nerve via partial disruption of the axon and myelin sheath[9]
- fractional radiofrequency microneedling
- requires multiple treatments for optimal results[11]
- alternative to lasers, especially for darker skin types[11]
- Ellacor, a dermal microcoring device available in the United States Oct 2022, is reportedly effective for treatment of facial wrinkles[10]
- prophylaxis: sunscreen
More general terms
More specific terms
References
- ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Prescriber's Letter 10(1):5 2003
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beer KR. Comparative evaluation of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A and topical creams for treating moderate-to-severe glabellar rhytids. Dermatol Surg. 2006 Feb;32(2):184-92. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16442037
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lowe P et al, Comparison of two formulations of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar lines: A double blind, randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006, 55:975 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17097394
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Weiss RA et al, Autologous cultured fibroblast injection for facial countour deformities: A prospective, placebo-controlled, Phase III clinical trial. Dermatol Surg 2007, 33:263 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17338681
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Alam M et al Ultrasound tightening of facial and neck skin: A rater-blinded prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010 Feb; 62:262. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20115948
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sattler G et al. Noninferiority of incobotulinumtoxinA, free from complexing proteins, compared with another botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. Dermatol Surg 2010 Dec; 36:2146. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21134045
Prager W et al. Comparison of two botulinum toxin type A preparations for treating crow's feet: A split-face, double-blind, proof-of- concept study. Dermatol Surg 2010 Dec; 36:2155. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21134046 - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Tierney EP et al. Treatment of lower eyelid rhytids and laxity with ablative fractionated carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing: Case series and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011 Apr; 64:730. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21414497
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Palmer FR III et al. Safety and effectiveness of focused cold therapy for the treatment of hyperdynamic forehead wrinkles. Dermatol Surg 2015 Feb; 41:232 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25654195
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Brunk D First-in-Class Device for Facial Wrinkles Hits the Market. Medscape. Oct 28, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/983173
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Brunk D For Optimal Results, Fractional RF Microneedling Requires Multiple Treatments Medscape. December 21, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/985968