food poisoning (foodborne disease)
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Etiology
- pathogenic microorganisms
- bacteria
- virus
- parasites
- microbial toxins
- Staphylococcal food poisoning
- Clostridium toxin - cooked meats
- Bacillus cereus toxin - fried rice
- botulism
- plant toxins
- mushrooms - genus Amanita
- toxalbumin-producing plants - jequirty & rosary bean
- fava beans
- water hemlock
- herbal remedies
- animal toxins
- scombroid fish poisoning (scombrotoxin may be histamine)
- tuna
- mackerel
- neurotoxic seafood poisoning
- scombroid fish poisoning (scombrotoxin may be histamine)
- chemicals - monosodium glutamate (MSG)
- foodborne bioterrorism
- kitchen towels may harbor pathogens linked to food poisoning[7]
Clinical manifestations
Laboratory
- stool examination for blood, fecal leukocytes & parasites
- bacterial culture of stool, emesis, food
- further examination in high risk patients with neurologic or systemic symptoms or symptoms lasting > 2 days
- Norwalk virus identification by PCR or EM
- toxin testing
- botulism
- fish toxins
- chemicals
- some bacterial toxins
- acid fast staining for Cryptosporidium
Differential diagnosis
- gastrointestinal symptoms
- nausea/vomiting, upper GI
- incubation < 2 hours
- heavy metals
- chemicals
- mushrooms
- incubation 1-7 hours
- incubation period 8-14 hours
- incubation period >14 hours
- incubation < 2 hours
- non-inflammatory diarrhea (no fecal leukocytes)
- inflammatory diarrhea
- nausea/vomiting, upper GI
- neurologic symptoms
- incubation time < 2 hours
- incubation time 1-7 hours
- incubation time > 14 hours
- other symptoms
- incubation time > 14 hours
- E coli O157:H7 associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome
- incubation time > 14 hours
Management
- majority of food poisoning is self-limited & therapy is non-specific & supportive
- replace gastrointestinal losses with oral or IV fluids
- supportive therapy for neurologic manifestations
- anti-emetics are contraindicated; induce emesis if it has not already occurred
- avoid antiperistaltic agents with inflammatory diarrhea
- antibiotics not helpful for S aureus, B cereus, C perfringens, viral gastroenteritis
- specific therapy for:
- botulism
- inflammatory bacterial diarrhea
- parasitic infections
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 1164-65
- ↑ UpToDate 14.1 http://www.utdol.com
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vital Signs: Incidence and Trends of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 1996-2010 MMWR June 10, 2011 / 60(22);749-755 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659984 <Internet> http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6022a5.htm
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mungai EA et al Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Increased Outbreaks Associated with Nonpasteurized Milk, United States, 2007-2012 Emerging Infectious Diseases. 21(1) January 2015 http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/1/14-0447_article
- ↑ National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System The 2012 NARMS Annual Human Isolates Report CDC NARMS tracks antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and other enteric (intestinal) bacteria that may cause mild or severe diarrhea or bloodstream infection. http://www.cdc.gov/narms/reports/annual-human-isolates-report-2012.html
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Foodborne Illness Source Attribution Estimates for Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157 (E.coli O157), Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and Campylobacter using Outbreak Surveillance Data. Report. Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC) Project. February 2015 http://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/pdfs/ifsac-project-report-508c.pdf
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Walker M. Pathogens Tied to Food Poisoning Linger on Kitchen Towels. E. coli and more found on towels in Mauritian households even after a month. MedPage Today. June 10, 2018 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/asmmicrobe/73401
Biranjia-Hurdoyal S et al Kitchen towel as risk factor for home based food poisoning. ASM Microbe 2018; AES LB-11. - ↑ Vearrier D 8 Cases of Food Poisoning: Find the Pathogen Responsible. Medscape. March 22, 2021 https://reference.medscape.com/slideshow/food-poisoning-6009621
- ↑ National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Food Poisoning https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning